ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1:
EXAM 2 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST
VERSION 2026
Epithelia - characteristics, functions, - answer-one of the four basic types of animal
tissue. The other three types are connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout
the body.
epithelial classes - squamous, etc. - answer-1) simple squamous
2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
modes of secretion - answer-Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product
is lost, cell remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and some membrane
lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell lost
connective tissue
a. classification
b. fibers
c. categories - answer-1)Connective Tissue Proper
Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
-Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
,2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most prevalent protein
in the body is collagen.
cartilage types - answer-The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and
fibrocartilage. Elastic cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends
the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next, followed by fibrocartilage.
bone - answer-any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in
humans and other vertebrates
4- membrane types, characteristics, examples - answer-Cutaneous-skin, covers whole
body composed of squamous ex: EPITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHELIAL cells
supported by conn. tissue, line internal cavities of the body that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
, fasciae - answer-a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the
skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal
organs.
muscle tissue - types, classification, examples - answer-The 3 types of muscle tissue
are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the
heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are
located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and
are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are
attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary
control.
neural tissues-2 kinds - answer-Neurons -nerve cells that transmit electrical signals to
& from the brain & spinal cord
-has three parts:
1. dendrites (receive info from other neurons)
2. cell body (contains nucleus, essential to life of cell)
3. single axon (transmits info away from cell body)
Neuroglia (or glia) -cells that support & take care of the neurons
cutaneous membrane - answer-The cutaneous membrane is the technical term for our
skin. The skin's primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs
from physical damage such as abrasions, chemical damage such as detergents, and
biological damage from microorganisms.
subcutaneous layer - answer-also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek,
meaning "beneath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of
the integumentary system in vertebrates
skin functions - answer-protection, regulation and sensation.
EXAM 2 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST
VERSION 2026
Epithelia - characteristics, functions, - answer-one of the four basic types of animal
tissue. The other three types are connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout
the body.
epithelial classes - squamous, etc. - answer-1) simple squamous
2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
modes of secretion - answer-Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product
is lost, cell remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and some membrane
lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell lost
connective tissue
a. classification
b. fibers
c. categories - answer-1)Connective Tissue Proper
Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
-Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
,2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most prevalent protein
in the body is collagen.
cartilage types - answer-The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and
fibrocartilage. Elastic cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends
the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next, followed by fibrocartilage.
bone - answer-any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in
humans and other vertebrates
4- membrane types, characteristics, examples - answer-Cutaneous-skin, covers whole
body composed of squamous ex: EPITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHELIAL cells
supported by conn. tissue, line internal cavities of the body that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
, fasciae - answer-a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the
skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal
organs.
muscle tissue - types, classification, examples - answer-The 3 types of muscle tissue
are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the
heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are
located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and
are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are
attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary
control.
neural tissues-2 kinds - answer-Neurons -nerve cells that transmit electrical signals to
& from the brain & spinal cord
-has three parts:
1. dendrites (receive info from other neurons)
2. cell body (contains nucleus, essential to life of cell)
3. single axon (transmits info away from cell body)
Neuroglia (or glia) -cells that support & take care of the neurons
cutaneous membrane - answer-The cutaneous membrane is the technical term for our
skin. The skin's primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs
from physical damage such as abrasions, chemical damage such as detergents, and
biological damage from microorganisms.
subcutaneous layer - answer-also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek,
meaning "beneath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of
the integumentary system in vertebrates
skin functions - answer-protection, regulation and sensation.
