NUR376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which statement best describes pathophysiology?
A. The study of medications and their effects
B. The study of abnormal changes in body function caused by
disease
C. The study of microorganisms only
D. The study of surgical procedures
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology explains how diseases alter normal
physiological processes.
2. Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to:
A. Eliminate all microorganisms
B. Maintain a stable internal environment
C. Increase body temperature permanently
D. Prevent all diseases
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains balance in temperature,
fluids, electrolytes, and other functions.
3. Which cellular structure controls activities of the cell?
A. Ribosome
,B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus contains genetic material and regulates
cellular activities.
4. The primary function of mitochondria is to:
A. Produce energy (ATP)
B. Store calcium
C. Remove waste products
D. Produce antibodies
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP required for cellular
energy.
5. Cellular adaptation that involves an increase in cell size is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases cell size due to increased
workload or stimulation.
,6. A decrease in cell size due to reduced workload is known as:
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Neoplasia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy occurs when cells shrink due to decreased
use or nutrition.
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the
number of cells?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell division.
8. Metaplasia is best described as:
A. Cell death caused by injury
B. Replacement of one mature cell type with another
C. Increase in cell number
D. Genetic mutation only
, Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is an adaptive change where one
differentiated cell type changes into another.
9. Necrosis refers to:
A. Normal programmed cell death
B. Uncontrolled cell injury and death
C. Cell growth
D. Cell division
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis results from severe injury causing
uncontrolled cellular death.
10. Apoptosis is:
A. Accidental cell destruction
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection of tissues
D. Abnormal growth
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, genetically regulated cell
death.
11. Which process allows cells to engulf and destroy
pathogens?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which statement best describes pathophysiology?
A. The study of medications and their effects
B. The study of abnormal changes in body function caused by
disease
C. The study of microorganisms only
D. The study of surgical procedures
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology explains how diseases alter normal
physiological processes.
2. Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to:
A. Eliminate all microorganisms
B. Maintain a stable internal environment
C. Increase body temperature permanently
D. Prevent all diseases
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains balance in temperature,
fluids, electrolytes, and other functions.
3. Which cellular structure controls activities of the cell?
A. Ribosome
,B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus contains genetic material and regulates
cellular activities.
4. The primary function of mitochondria is to:
A. Produce energy (ATP)
B. Store calcium
C. Remove waste products
D. Produce antibodies
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP required for cellular
energy.
5. Cellular adaptation that involves an increase in cell size is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases cell size due to increased
workload or stimulation.
,6. A decrease in cell size due to reduced workload is known as:
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Neoplasia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy occurs when cells shrink due to decreased
use or nutrition.
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the
number of cells?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell division.
8. Metaplasia is best described as:
A. Cell death caused by injury
B. Replacement of one mature cell type with another
C. Increase in cell number
D. Genetic mutation only
, Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is an adaptive change where one
differentiated cell type changes into another.
9. Necrosis refers to:
A. Normal programmed cell death
B. Uncontrolled cell injury and death
C. Cell growth
D. Cell division
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis results from severe injury causing
uncontrolled cellular death.
10. Apoptosis is:
A. Accidental cell destruction
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection of tissues
D. Abnormal growth
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, genetically regulated cell
death.
11. Which process allows cells to engulf and destroy
pathogens?
