PSY 101 Exam 4 V3 | PSY 101 Foundations
of Psychology | StraighterLine | Q&A with
Rationale (StraighterLine PSY101 Exam 4)
1. Which phenomenon describes the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in
a group than when working individually?
A. Social facilitation
B. Group polarization
C. Social loafing
D. Deindividuation
Answer: C
Rationale: Social loafing occurs when the presence of others leads to a reduction in
individual effort because responsibility is diffused among group members. This behavior is
most common when individual contributions cannot be easily identified or measured.
Researchers suggest that providing individual accountability can effectively mitigate this
group-related bias.
2. According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the personality operates on the ‘pleasure
principle’ and seeks immediate gratification?
A. Id
B. Superego
,C. Ego
D. Ideal Self
Answer: A
Rationale: The Id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality that contains
sexual and aggressive drives. It operates entirely in the unconscious mind according to the
pleasure principle, demanding that all needs be met immediately. Freud argued that the
Ego must eventually develop to mediate between the Id’s demands and reality.
3. In Milgram’s famous study on obedience, what percentage of participants administered the
highest level of electric shock (450 volts)?
A. About 10%
B. Nearly 65%
C. Exactly 50%
D. Approximately 33%
Answer: B
Rationale: Stanley Milgram found that approximately 65% of participants were willing to
deliver the maximum voltage despite the ‘learner’ screaming in pain. This study highlighted
the powerful influence of perceived authority figures on individual behavior and ethical
choices. The results shocked the psychological community and led to stricter ethical
guidelines for human research.
, 4. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent, irrational fears of specific
objects or situations?
A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B. Panic Disorder
C. Phobic Disorder
D. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Answer: C
Rationale: A phobic disorder involves an intense and irrational fear of a specific trigger
that poses little or no actual danger. Individuals with this condition often go to great
lengths to avoid the object of their fear, which can significantly impair daily functioning.
Exposure therapy is frequently used as an effective treatment to desensitize the individual
to the phobic stimulus.
5. Which of the following is considered a ‘negative symptom’ of Schizophrenia?
A. Hallucinations
B. Delusions
C. Disorganized speech
D. Flat affect
Answer: D
of Psychology | StraighterLine | Q&A with
Rationale (StraighterLine PSY101 Exam 4)
1. Which phenomenon describes the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in
a group than when working individually?
A. Social facilitation
B. Group polarization
C. Social loafing
D. Deindividuation
Answer: C
Rationale: Social loafing occurs when the presence of others leads to a reduction in
individual effort because responsibility is diffused among group members. This behavior is
most common when individual contributions cannot be easily identified or measured.
Researchers suggest that providing individual accountability can effectively mitigate this
group-related bias.
2. According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the personality operates on the ‘pleasure
principle’ and seeks immediate gratification?
A. Id
B. Superego
,C. Ego
D. Ideal Self
Answer: A
Rationale: The Id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality that contains
sexual and aggressive drives. It operates entirely in the unconscious mind according to the
pleasure principle, demanding that all needs be met immediately. Freud argued that the
Ego must eventually develop to mediate between the Id’s demands and reality.
3. In Milgram’s famous study on obedience, what percentage of participants administered the
highest level of electric shock (450 volts)?
A. About 10%
B. Nearly 65%
C. Exactly 50%
D. Approximately 33%
Answer: B
Rationale: Stanley Milgram found that approximately 65% of participants were willing to
deliver the maximum voltage despite the ‘learner’ screaming in pain. This study highlighted
the powerful influence of perceived authority figures on individual behavior and ethical
choices. The results shocked the psychological community and led to stricter ethical
guidelines for human research.
, 4. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent, irrational fears of specific
objects or situations?
A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B. Panic Disorder
C. Phobic Disorder
D. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Answer: C
Rationale: A phobic disorder involves an intense and irrational fear of a specific trigger
that poses little or no actual danger. Individuals with this condition often go to great
lengths to avoid the object of their fear, which can significantly impair daily functioning.
Exposure therapy is frequently used as an effective treatment to desensitize the individual
to the phobic stimulus.
5. Which of the following is considered a ‘negative symptom’ of Schizophrenia?
A. Hallucinations
B. Delusions
C. Disorganized speech
D. Flat affect
Answer: D
