PSY 101 Final Exam V2 | PSY 101
Foundations of Psychology |
StraighterLine | Q&A with Rationale
(StraighterLine PSY101 Final Exam)
1. Which individual is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in 1879,
marking the formal beginning of psychology as a science?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. Sigmund Freud
C. William James
D. John B. Watson
Answer: A
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is recognized as the father of experimental psychology for
founding the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He utilized a method called introspection
to study the conscious experience. His work separated psychology from philosophy by
emphasizing objective measurement and control.
2. In a formal psychological experiment, which variable is manipulated by the researcher to
determine its effect on behavior?
A. Independent variable
B. Dependent variable
,C. Confounding variable
D. Control variable
Answer: A
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that is intentionally varied by the
experimenter. Researchers observe changes in the dependent variable to see how it
responds to these manipulations. Establishing a clear independent variable is essential for
determining cause-and-effect relationships.
3. Which ethical principle requires that participants be told the purpose of the study and any
potential risks before they agree to participate?
A. Debriefing
B. Confidentiality
C. Beneficence
D. Informed consent
Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent ensures that participants enter a study voluntarily and with
full knowledge of what it entails. It is a cornerstone of ethical research involving human
subjects. Participants must also be informed that they have the right to withdraw at any
time without penalty.
, 4. Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other
neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Terminal buttons
Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the cell body to pick
up messages. They serve as the primary input zone for the neuron. Once a signal is
received, it travels toward the soma for processing.
5. The ‘fight or flight’ response is triggered by the activation of which part of the nervous
system?
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action during stressful
or threatening situations. It increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to
Foundations of Psychology |
StraighterLine | Q&A with Rationale
(StraighterLine PSY101 Final Exam)
1. Which individual is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in 1879,
marking the formal beginning of psychology as a science?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. Sigmund Freud
C. William James
D. John B. Watson
Answer: A
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is recognized as the father of experimental psychology for
founding the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He utilized a method called introspection
to study the conscious experience. His work separated psychology from philosophy by
emphasizing objective measurement and control.
2. In a formal psychological experiment, which variable is manipulated by the researcher to
determine its effect on behavior?
A. Independent variable
B. Dependent variable
,C. Confounding variable
D. Control variable
Answer: A
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that is intentionally varied by the
experimenter. Researchers observe changes in the dependent variable to see how it
responds to these manipulations. Establishing a clear independent variable is essential for
determining cause-and-effect relationships.
3. Which ethical principle requires that participants be told the purpose of the study and any
potential risks before they agree to participate?
A. Debriefing
B. Confidentiality
C. Beneficence
D. Informed consent
Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent ensures that participants enter a study voluntarily and with
full knowledge of what it entails. It is a cornerstone of ethical research involving human
subjects. Participants must also be informed that they have the right to withdraw at any
time without penalty.
, 4. Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other
neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Terminal buttons
Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the cell body to pick
up messages. They serve as the primary input zone for the neuron. Once a signal is
received, it travels toward the soma for processing.
5. The ‘fight or flight’ response is triggered by the activation of which part of the nervous
system?
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action during stressful
or threatening situations. It increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to
