BIO 201 Exam 2 V2 | BIO 201 A&P |
StraighterLine | Q&A with Rationale (BIO
201 Exam 2)
1. Which of the following cell types is responsible for secreting the organic components of the
bone matrix?
A. Osteocytes
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteoclasts
D. Chondrocytes
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoblasts are the primary bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete
collagen fibers and other organic components of the bone matrix. Once these cells become
trapped in their own secretions, they transition into osteocytes. This process is vital for the
development and maintenance of healthy bone tissue.
2. In the process of endochondral ossification, what serves as the initial template for bone
development?
A. Elastic cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Dense regular connective tissue
,D. Hyaline cartilage
Answer: D
Rationale: Endochondral ossification involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model
with bone tissue. This process begins in the fetus and continues through childhood to
facilitate the growth of long bones. The cartilage is gradually calcified and replaced by bony
matrix under the influence of various growth factors.
3. Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels to inhibit bone
resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Growth hormone
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland when
blood calcium concentrations are elevated. It functions by inhibiting osteoclast activity and
increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This hormonal response helps to maintain
mineral homeostasis and protect skeletal integrity.
4. What is the structural unit of compact bone consisting of concentric lamellae surrounding a
central canal?
A. Trabecula
, B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lacuna
Answer: B
Rationale: An osteon, also known as a Haversian system, is the fundamental functional
unit of compact bone. It consists of a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves,
surrounded by concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae. These structures are
designed to provide strength and support against mechanical stress.
5. Which type of joint is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity and provides the greatest range
of motion?
A. Synovial joint
B. Cartilaginous joint
C. Fibrous joint
D. Gomphosis
Answer: A
Rationale: Synovial joints are defined by the presence of a joint capsule containing
synovial fluid which lubricates the articular surfaces. These joints are diarthrotic, meaning
they allow for free movement across multiple planes. Examples include the shoulder, hip,
and knee joints which facilitate complex body movements.
StraighterLine | Q&A with Rationale (BIO
201 Exam 2)
1. Which of the following cell types is responsible for secreting the organic components of the
bone matrix?
A. Osteocytes
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteoclasts
D. Chondrocytes
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoblasts are the primary bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete
collagen fibers and other organic components of the bone matrix. Once these cells become
trapped in their own secretions, they transition into osteocytes. This process is vital for the
development and maintenance of healthy bone tissue.
2. In the process of endochondral ossification, what serves as the initial template for bone
development?
A. Elastic cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Dense regular connective tissue
,D. Hyaline cartilage
Answer: D
Rationale: Endochondral ossification involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model
with bone tissue. This process begins in the fetus and continues through childhood to
facilitate the growth of long bones. The cartilage is gradually calcified and replaced by bony
matrix under the influence of various growth factors.
3. Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels to inhibit bone
resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Growth hormone
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland when
blood calcium concentrations are elevated. It functions by inhibiting osteoclast activity and
increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This hormonal response helps to maintain
mineral homeostasis and protect skeletal integrity.
4. What is the structural unit of compact bone consisting of concentric lamellae surrounding a
central canal?
A. Trabecula
, B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lacuna
Answer: B
Rationale: An osteon, also known as a Haversian system, is the fundamental functional
unit of compact bone. It consists of a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves,
surrounded by concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae. These structures are
designed to provide strength and support against mechanical stress.
5. Which type of joint is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity and provides the greatest range
of motion?
A. Synovial joint
B. Cartilaginous joint
C. Fibrous joint
D. Gomphosis
Answer: A
Rationale: Synovial joints are defined by the presence of a joint capsule containing
synovial fluid which lubricates the articular surfaces. These joints are diarthrotic, meaning
they allow for free movement across multiple planes. Examples include the shoulder, hip,
and knee joints which facilitate complex body movements.
