Neuroscience Exam Revision Questions with
Expert Solutions
What makes up the central nervous system? - Answer Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system? - Answer CN and ganglia
Spinal nerves and ganglia
Enteric nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the 5 steps of embryological development of the nervous system? - Answer Neurulation
Cell proliferation
Migration and aggregation
Formation of axonal and dendritic processes
Synatopgenesis
What is neurulation? - Answer Formation of the neural crest and neural tube
(1st step of nervous system development)
What is the 2nd step of nervous system development? - Answer Cell proliferation within the nerual tube
,What is the 3rd step of nervous system development? - Answer Migration and aggregation of cells
within definitive locations
What is the 4th step of nervous system development? - Answer Formation and axonal and dendritic
processes
What is synatopgenesis? - Answer Connections between nerve cell to nerve cells or muscle cells (final
step of nervous system development)
On day 14, the embryo undergoes gasturlation and forms the building blocks of our nervous system.
What are the 3 parts to this ? - Answer Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
The entire nervous system is derived from what structure? - Answer Embryonic ectoderm
What is the embryo called at day 14 of development? day 21? and day 28? - Answer Gastrula
Notochord
Neural tube
The nerual crest cells form most of what nervous system? - Answer Peripheral nervous system
What are some deficits or concerns of embryological development of the nervous system? - Answer
Failure of posterior neruopore to close- spina bifida
Failure of anterior neruopore to close- anencephaly
,What is anencephaly? - Answer Failure of anterior neruopore to close during embryological
development
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the prosencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Derivates --> Cavities:
Rhinoencephalon --> Lateral ventrical
Thalmus, hypothalmus, optic nerves, neruophyophysis, pineal gland --> third ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the mesencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Mesencephalon
Derivates: Midbrain
Cavities: Cerebral aquaduct
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the rhombencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
Derivates: Cerebellum, pons and medula
Cavities: Fourth ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the primitve nerual tube, that develops during stage
1; neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Neural crest and tube
, Derivates --> Cavities: Nerual tube --> spinal cord --> central canal
Nerual crest --> Peripheral nerve ganglia
What are the 2 primary flexures that help contain and align the neural tube within the closed skull -
Answer Cephalic flexure (1st to develop)
Cervical flexure (2nd to develop)
What divides the neural tube into a ventral and dorsal half? - Answer Sulcus limitans
What is the dorsal portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the tube in half
during cell proliferation? - Answer Alar plate
The alar plate is the future site for what tracts? - Answer Sensory neurons and tracts
What is the ventral portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the tube in half
during cell proliferation? - Answer Basilar plate
(future site for efferent more portion)
What are the 3 layers the neural tube divides into during cell proliferation? - Answer Ependymal or
germinal layer (lining of central canal and ventricles)
Intermediate or mantle layer
(gray matter of spinal cord)
Marginal layer
(white matter)
Expert Solutions
What makes up the central nervous system? - Answer Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system? - Answer CN and ganglia
Spinal nerves and ganglia
Enteric nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the 5 steps of embryological development of the nervous system? - Answer Neurulation
Cell proliferation
Migration and aggregation
Formation of axonal and dendritic processes
Synatopgenesis
What is neurulation? - Answer Formation of the neural crest and neural tube
(1st step of nervous system development)
What is the 2nd step of nervous system development? - Answer Cell proliferation within the nerual tube
,What is the 3rd step of nervous system development? - Answer Migration and aggregation of cells
within definitive locations
What is the 4th step of nervous system development? - Answer Formation and axonal and dendritic
processes
What is synatopgenesis? - Answer Connections between nerve cell to nerve cells or muscle cells (final
step of nervous system development)
On day 14, the embryo undergoes gasturlation and forms the building blocks of our nervous system.
What are the 3 parts to this ? - Answer Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
The entire nervous system is derived from what structure? - Answer Embryonic ectoderm
What is the embryo called at day 14 of development? day 21? and day 28? - Answer Gastrula
Notochord
Neural tube
The nerual crest cells form most of what nervous system? - Answer Peripheral nervous system
What are some deficits or concerns of embryological development of the nervous system? - Answer
Failure of posterior neruopore to close- spina bifida
Failure of anterior neruopore to close- anencephaly
,What is anencephaly? - Answer Failure of anterior neruopore to close during embryological
development
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the prosencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Derivates --> Cavities:
Rhinoencephalon --> Lateral ventrical
Thalmus, hypothalmus, optic nerves, neruophyophysis, pineal gland --> third ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the mesencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Mesencephalon
Derivates: Midbrain
Cavities: Cerebral aquaduct
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the rhombencephalon, that develops during stage 1;
neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
Derivates: Cerebellum, pons and medula
Cavities: Fourth ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the primitve nerual tube, that develops during stage
1; neurulation - Answer Subdivisions: Neural crest and tube
, Derivates --> Cavities: Nerual tube --> spinal cord --> central canal
Nerual crest --> Peripheral nerve ganglia
What are the 2 primary flexures that help contain and align the neural tube within the closed skull -
Answer Cephalic flexure (1st to develop)
Cervical flexure (2nd to develop)
What divides the neural tube into a ventral and dorsal half? - Answer Sulcus limitans
What is the dorsal portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the tube in half
during cell proliferation? - Answer Alar plate
The alar plate is the future site for what tracts? - Answer Sensory neurons and tracts
What is the ventral portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the tube in half
during cell proliferation? - Answer Basilar plate
(future site for efferent more portion)
What are the 3 layers the neural tube divides into during cell proliferation? - Answer Ependymal or
germinal layer (lining of central canal and ventricles)
Intermediate or mantle layer
(gray matter of spinal cord)
Marginal layer
(white matter)
