Developmental Disabilities-
Exam 1
Test Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified Answer |
Latest Update | Grade A+ |
2026/2027
,What is a developmental disability? -A severe, chronic disability of a person that is attributable to a mental or physical
impairment of a combination of the two; is manifested before the person is 22, is
likely to continue indefinitely
What are substantial functional limits the can be caused -Limits in self care, receptive and expressive language, learning, mobility, self-
by a developmental disorder? direction, capacity for independent living, and economic self-sufficiency
How many needed to be substantially functionally limiting -3 or more
for it to be classified as a developmental disorder? -People from birth to 9 with a substantial developmental delay or specific
What is the exception to the "3 or more" rule? congenital/acquired condition who has a high likelihood of meeting the criteria
later in life.
What does a developmental disorder reflect? -Person's need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary or
generic care, treatment or other services that are chronic or of extended duration
and are individually planned and coordinated
How do we know if a child has a developmental -Compare child's abilities to those expected for their same age peers
disorder?
Why should we use person-first language (PFL)? -More accurate and respectful because individuals are not diagnoses
-Words reflect/reinforce attitudes and perceptions
What is the caveat? -Descriptive words can perpetuate negative stereotypes
-These perceptions are barriers to the success, inclusion, and acceptance of
What should you do about this caveat? individuals with disabilities
-The caveat is some people want to be called something that doesn't use PFL.
Individuals in the autistic community sometimes like "autistic" because it is "an
inherent part of their identity"
-Ask each person what they prefer
How did Greek empires view disabilities? -Sparta: valued physical strength and intellectual ability; infanticide
-Athens: unwanted newborns placed at temples or sold as slaves
What did King Henry II of England in the Middle Ages -Declared "imbeciles" wards of the King
think of developmental disabilities?
Why were individuals with developmental disabilities -Superstition/witchcraft
imprisoned? -Thought to be dangerous to society
Who was the Father of Special Education? -Itard
-Declared individuals with intellectual disabilities can learn
When did state asylums arise? What kind of activities did -1825-1850. Thought that with appropriate therapy, they could be "cured"
patients do here? -Newspaper, furniture making, quilting, sewing, plays, pottery, jewelry, leather
crafts, religious training, exercise and recreation, farming
What happened to asylums in the late 19th century? -Overcrowding of institutions results from failure to "cure"
-State funding of asylums began to decline
What is the study of human beings in relation to genetic -Eugenics
inheritance? -Euthenics
What is how the environment affects humans?
Describe Goddard's Study of Kallikak Family -"Feeble-mindedness is hereditary-segregation through colonization is the way to
What concerned Goddard? eliminate social ills"
-Found that 70% of mental deficiency due to inheritance
-Criminal implications concerned him, which made him a proponent of
sterilization
, When was the first sterilization law enacted? -1907
When were compulsory/voluntary sterilization laws -1951
enacted in 28 states, causing 26,858 operations? -1979
When was sterilization abolished?
What happened in the Kennedy Era for individuals with -Educational rights
developmental disabilities? -Integrated educational placements
-Deinstitutionalization
-Comprehensive community-based program
What was the landmark class action lawsuit in Alabama -Wyatt-Stickney (1970s)
that established the right to treatment of individuals living
in residential facilities, including deinstitutionalization?
What are the standards of Wyatt-Stickney? (4) -Human psychological and physical environment
-Qualified and sufficient stat for administration of treatment
-Individualized treatment plans
-Minimum restriction of patient freedom
What did the Education for the Handicapped Act -Guaranteed the appropriate education of all children with mental retardation,
(EHA)/Individuals with Disabalities Education Act (IDEA) from school age to 21 years of age.
of 1975 guarantee? -Guaranteed education services to children with disabilities ages 3 to 21
What happened when it was amended in 1986?
What are the 6 principles of the IDEA? -Free appropriate education
-Appropriate evaluation
-Individualized education program (IEP)
-Least-restrictive environment (LRE)
-Parent and student participant in decision-making
-Procedural safeguards
What are neurological differences that are the result of -Neurodiversity
normal, natural human variations?
How is neurodiversity thought of in the ecological model? -Thought to be a crucial aspect of human diversity that refers to the natural
Does it think there is a correct way of thinking or variations in cognitive/emotional functions of the brain which evolved in response
experience the world? to a need for variation in group approaches to survival
Are the differences a deficit? -No
-No
How many people with autism have savant skills? -1/10
What model of disability sees disability as resulting from -Social model of disability
a poor fit between the (physical, cognitive, or emotional) -Thinks they are disabled not by their impairment, but by the failure of their
characteristics of a given individual and the environment to accomodate their needs
characteristics of their social context?
Why does this view think a person is disabled?
How does the medical model view disability? -Assumes that disability is inherent to individual and must be fixed
Functional limitations/impairments + Physical/Social -Disabling environments
barriers = ? -Social model of disability: Inability to participate fully in home and community
life, not inherent to the individual
How do the disorder and neurodiversity paradigm -Disorder: Wants to "fix" what is wrong with the person. Intervention in deficit
contrast each other? -Neurodiversity: Intervene in the context, don't fix the person
What is expecting to be treated differently because of -Stigma consciousness
stigma? -Poor beliefs about self due to stigmatization
Exam 1
Test Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified Answer |
Latest Update | Grade A+ |
2026/2027
,What is a developmental disability? -A severe, chronic disability of a person that is attributable to a mental or physical
impairment of a combination of the two; is manifested before the person is 22, is
likely to continue indefinitely
What are substantial functional limits the can be caused -Limits in self care, receptive and expressive language, learning, mobility, self-
by a developmental disorder? direction, capacity for independent living, and economic self-sufficiency
How many needed to be substantially functionally limiting -3 or more
for it to be classified as a developmental disorder? -People from birth to 9 with a substantial developmental delay or specific
What is the exception to the "3 or more" rule? congenital/acquired condition who has a high likelihood of meeting the criteria
later in life.
What does a developmental disorder reflect? -Person's need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary or
generic care, treatment or other services that are chronic or of extended duration
and are individually planned and coordinated
How do we know if a child has a developmental -Compare child's abilities to those expected for their same age peers
disorder?
Why should we use person-first language (PFL)? -More accurate and respectful because individuals are not diagnoses
-Words reflect/reinforce attitudes and perceptions
What is the caveat? -Descriptive words can perpetuate negative stereotypes
-These perceptions are barriers to the success, inclusion, and acceptance of
What should you do about this caveat? individuals with disabilities
-The caveat is some people want to be called something that doesn't use PFL.
Individuals in the autistic community sometimes like "autistic" because it is "an
inherent part of their identity"
-Ask each person what they prefer
How did Greek empires view disabilities? -Sparta: valued physical strength and intellectual ability; infanticide
-Athens: unwanted newborns placed at temples or sold as slaves
What did King Henry II of England in the Middle Ages -Declared "imbeciles" wards of the King
think of developmental disabilities?
Why were individuals with developmental disabilities -Superstition/witchcraft
imprisoned? -Thought to be dangerous to society
Who was the Father of Special Education? -Itard
-Declared individuals with intellectual disabilities can learn
When did state asylums arise? What kind of activities did -1825-1850. Thought that with appropriate therapy, they could be "cured"
patients do here? -Newspaper, furniture making, quilting, sewing, plays, pottery, jewelry, leather
crafts, religious training, exercise and recreation, farming
What happened to asylums in the late 19th century? -Overcrowding of institutions results from failure to "cure"
-State funding of asylums began to decline
What is the study of human beings in relation to genetic -Eugenics
inheritance? -Euthenics
What is how the environment affects humans?
Describe Goddard's Study of Kallikak Family -"Feeble-mindedness is hereditary-segregation through colonization is the way to
What concerned Goddard? eliminate social ills"
-Found that 70% of mental deficiency due to inheritance
-Criminal implications concerned him, which made him a proponent of
sterilization
, When was the first sterilization law enacted? -1907
When were compulsory/voluntary sterilization laws -1951
enacted in 28 states, causing 26,858 operations? -1979
When was sterilization abolished?
What happened in the Kennedy Era for individuals with -Educational rights
developmental disabilities? -Integrated educational placements
-Deinstitutionalization
-Comprehensive community-based program
What was the landmark class action lawsuit in Alabama -Wyatt-Stickney (1970s)
that established the right to treatment of individuals living
in residential facilities, including deinstitutionalization?
What are the standards of Wyatt-Stickney? (4) -Human psychological and physical environment
-Qualified and sufficient stat for administration of treatment
-Individualized treatment plans
-Minimum restriction of patient freedom
What did the Education for the Handicapped Act -Guaranteed the appropriate education of all children with mental retardation,
(EHA)/Individuals with Disabalities Education Act (IDEA) from school age to 21 years of age.
of 1975 guarantee? -Guaranteed education services to children with disabilities ages 3 to 21
What happened when it was amended in 1986?
What are the 6 principles of the IDEA? -Free appropriate education
-Appropriate evaluation
-Individualized education program (IEP)
-Least-restrictive environment (LRE)
-Parent and student participant in decision-making
-Procedural safeguards
What are neurological differences that are the result of -Neurodiversity
normal, natural human variations?
How is neurodiversity thought of in the ecological model? -Thought to be a crucial aspect of human diversity that refers to the natural
Does it think there is a correct way of thinking or variations in cognitive/emotional functions of the brain which evolved in response
experience the world? to a need for variation in group approaches to survival
Are the differences a deficit? -No
-No
How many people with autism have savant skills? -1/10
What model of disability sees disability as resulting from -Social model of disability
a poor fit between the (physical, cognitive, or emotional) -Thinks they are disabled not by their impairment, but by the failure of their
characteristics of a given individual and the environment to accomodate their needs
characteristics of their social context?
Why does this view think a person is disabled?
How does the medical model view disability? -Assumes that disability is inherent to individual and must be fixed
Functional limitations/impairments + Physical/Social -Disabling environments
barriers = ? -Social model of disability: Inability to participate fully in home and community
life, not inherent to the individual
How do the disorder and neurodiversity paradigm -Disorder: Wants to "fix" what is wrong with the person. Intervention in deficit
contrast each other? -Neurodiversity: Intervene in the context, don't fix the person
What is expecting to be treated differently because of -Stigma consciousness
stigma? -Poor beliefs about self due to stigmatization
