Geoscience 109 Exam 1 Questions Fully Solved Pass At First Attempt.

clastic rocks - correct answers sedimentary rocks that form from the broken fragments of other rocks chemical rocks - correct answers form when minerals crystallize directly from water carbonates - correct answers Minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements Evaporites - correct answers sedimentary rocks formed from minerals left after water evaporates carbonaceous rocks - correct answers Rocks mainly comprising the fossilised remains of plants e.g. Coal and lignite Law of Lateral Continuity - correct answers Rock layers continue out to the side in all directions. Subduction - correct answers The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. Lithification - correct answers The process that converts sediments into solid rock by compaction or cementation. Walther's Law - correct answers when depositional environments migrate laterally, sediments of one environment come to lie on top of sediments of an adjacent environment intrusive rock - correct answers Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. extrusive rock - correct answers Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface evolution of magmas - correct answers olivine pyroxene amphibole biotite (OPAB) single tetrahedron tetrahedral sheet Facies (metamorphic) - correct answers characteristics of metamorphic rock Low P, High T - correct answers far from subduction zones High P, Low T - correct answers near subduction zones elastic deformation - correct answers region where the material will return to its original shape when the stress is removed brittle failure - correct answers permanent strain, cracks or fractures (faults) ductile deformation - correct answers The bending and flowing of a material (without cracking and breaking) subjected to stress. P waves - correct answers horizontally S waves - correct answers up and down Rayleigh waves - correct answers circles Love Waves - correct answers side to side conduction - correct answers no movement of mass, very slow convection - correct answers move hot mass lithosphere - correct answers A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. asthenosphere - correct answers The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. Uncomformity - correct answers A break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time. Uniformitarianism - correct answers A principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes radioactive decay - correct answers The breakdown of a radioactive element, releasing particles and energy