a method in which a person is asked to recall particular items in a briefly presented
array of multiple items
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partial report procedure
it takes longer to name the colour of ink a word is printed in when the name of the
colour and the colour of the ink do not match (e.g. the word green printed in brown
ink)
skilled readers cannot stop themselves from reading the word, even though it is not
relevant to the task (because reading is automatic); the memory code for the word is
automatically activated while the student is trying to name the colour
when the colour word is different from the name if the colour, the two names interfere
with each other and processing is slowed and prone to error
,Give this one a try later!
Stroop effect
each hemisphere contains one that processes sound, language and long-term
memory; damage to one does not necessarily produce complete loss of cognitive
functioning (e.g. complete deafness does not occur when there is damage to the left
temporal lobe because there is a similar area in the right temporal lobe)
the temporal lobes also contribute to our ability to retain auditory experiences in
memory for a brief period of time
Give this one a try later!
temporal lobes
the distinctive properties of sensory storage:
1. capacity
2. duration
3. forgetting
4. coding
e.g. partial report procedure
participants are asked to report back only parts of a display, not the entire set (use
high, middle, or low tones to represent top, middle, and bottom line)
the findings were that there is no limit to the actual capacity of sensory memory; the
limiting factor is how quickly we can report what we have experienced (the events are
held for less than a second, either until the information fades away or is replaced by
the next incoming event)
Give this one a try later!
, properties of sensory storage
is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings; in psychology the
process of introspection relies exclusively on observation of one's mental state
late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener
the study of conscious mental events by looking within
trained with vocabulary-just the experience, avoid interpretation (e.g. you see a duck-
> say white, fluff; don't just say duck)
problems with introspection:
1. no way to measure it (no way to test claims)
2. don't have conscious access to interpretations
3. didn't take into account implicit or non-conscious processes
4. hard to replicate
5. became increasingly distant from relevance in everyday life
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introspection
sensory information that has been stored before it can be categorized
once information is categorized it is no longer in the buffer but is processed by other
memory systems
if the time in sensory storage is sufficient,attention will be able to focus on the event,
which allows other memory systems to identify what we have just experienced
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, precategorical storage
the mental operations that store information as well as recover or retrieve it at the
appropriate times
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memory
it is harder to disengage attention from emotionally relevant information (faces act
like an arrow; emotional faces orient you in that direction) -> how you measure
attentional biases (if you are a positive person it is harder to disengage from a happy
face than an angry face)
difficulty disengaging attention from reward and punishment differs between
individuals
Give this one a try later!
the Dot Probe Test
preview materials that help people learn new information based on the ordering of
the material before they are asked to learn specific details
Give this one a try later!
array of multiple items
Give this one a try later!
partial report procedure
it takes longer to name the colour of ink a word is printed in when the name of the
colour and the colour of the ink do not match (e.g. the word green printed in brown
ink)
skilled readers cannot stop themselves from reading the word, even though it is not
relevant to the task (because reading is automatic); the memory code for the word is
automatically activated while the student is trying to name the colour
when the colour word is different from the name if the colour, the two names interfere
with each other and processing is slowed and prone to error
,Give this one a try later!
Stroop effect
each hemisphere contains one that processes sound, language and long-term
memory; damage to one does not necessarily produce complete loss of cognitive
functioning (e.g. complete deafness does not occur when there is damage to the left
temporal lobe because there is a similar area in the right temporal lobe)
the temporal lobes also contribute to our ability to retain auditory experiences in
memory for a brief period of time
Give this one a try later!
temporal lobes
the distinctive properties of sensory storage:
1. capacity
2. duration
3. forgetting
4. coding
e.g. partial report procedure
participants are asked to report back only parts of a display, not the entire set (use
high, middle, or low tones to represent top, middle, and bottom line)
the findings were that there is no limit to the actual capacity of sensory memory; the
limiting factor is how quickly we can report what we have experienced (the events are
held for less than a second, either until the information fades away or is replaced by
the next incoming event)
Give this one a try later!
, properties of sensory storage
is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings; in psychology the
process of introspection relies exclusively on observation of one's mental state
late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener
the study of conscious mental events by looking within
trained with vocabulary-just the experience, avoid interpretation (e.g. you see a duck-
> say white, fluff; don't just say duck)
problems with introspection:
1. no way to measure it (no way to test claims)
2. don't have conscious access to interpretations
3. didn't take into account implicit or non-conscious processes
4. hard to replicate
5. became increasingly distant from relevance in everyday life
Give this one a try later!
introspection
sensory information that has been stored before it can be categorized
once information is categorized it is no longer in the buffer but is processed by other
memory systems
if the time in sensory storage is sufficient,attention will be able to focus on the event,
which allows other memory systems to identify what we have just experienced
Give this one a try later!
, precategorical storage
the mental operations that store information as well as recover or retrieve it at the
appropriate times
Give this one a try later!
memory
it is harder to disengage attention from emotionally relevant information (faces act
like an arrow; emotional faces orient you in that direction) -> how you measure
attentional biases (if you are a positive person it is harder to disengage from a happy
face than an angry face)
difficulty disengaging attention from reward and punishment differs between
individuals
Give this one a try later!
the Dot Probe Test
preview materials that help people learn new information based on the ordering of
the material before they are asked to learn specific details
Give this one a try later!
