BIOL 235 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED.
⫸ vestibule. Ans: anterior portion of the nasal cavity just inside the
nostrils. Surrounded by cartilage.
⫸ nasal septum. Ans: vertical partition that divides the nasal cavity into
right and left sides. Anterior portion consists primarily of hyaline
cartilage; the remainder is formed by the vomer, perpendicular plate of
the ethmoid, maxillae, and palatine bones.
⫸ superior, middle and inferior meatuses. Ans: series of groove-like air
passageways that subdivide each side of the nasal cavity. Arrangement
of conchae increases surface area in the internal nose and prevents
dehydration by trapping water droplets during exhalation.
⫸ olfactory epithelium. Ans: olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells,
and basal cells that lie in the respiratory region, which is near the
superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum. It contains cilia but no
goblet cells.
⫸ pharynx. Ans: funnel-shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and
extends to the level of the cricoid cartilage, the most inferior cartilage of
the larynx. Functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a
,resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils, which
participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders.
⫸ nasopharynx. Ans: superior portion of the pharynx. Lies posterior to
the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate. Receives air from the
nasal cavity along with packages of dust-laden mucus through internal
nares. Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and the
cilia move the mucus down toward the most inferior part of the pharynx.
Also exchanges small amounts of air with the auditory tubes to equalize
air pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere.
⫸ soft palate. Ans: arch-shaped muscular partition between the
nasopharynx and oropharynx that is lined by mucous membrane. Forms
the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth. There are five openings in
its wall: two internal nares, two openings that lead into the auditory
(pharyngotympanic) tubes (commonly known as the eustachian tubes),
and the opening into the oropharynx.
⫸ eustachian tubes. Ans: connected to soft palate by two openings.
⫸ pharyngeal tonsil. Ans: adenoid. Contained in posterior wall of soft
palate.
⫸ oropharynx. Ans: intermediate portion of the pharynx. Extends from
the soft palate inferiorly to the level of the hyoid bone. Has both
, respiratory and digestive functions, serving as a common passageway
for air, food, and drink.
⫸ fauces. Ans: only opening into the oropharynx. Opening from the
mouth.
⫸ palatine and lingual tonsils. Ans: two pairs of tonsils found in the
oropharynx.
⫸ laryngopharynx or hypopharynx. Ans: inferior portion of the pharynx.
Begins at the level of the hyoid bone. At its inferior end it opens into the
esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. Like the oropharynx, it
is both a respiratory and a digestive pathway and is lined by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
⫸ larynx or voice box. Ans: short passageway that connects the
laryngopharynx with the trachea. Wall of this structure is composed of
nine pieces of cartilage.
⫸ thyroid cartilage (adam's apple). Ans: consists of two fused plates of
hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a
triangular shape. It is present in both males and females but is usually
larger in males due to the influence of male sex hormones on its growth
during puberty.
2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED.
⫸ vestibule. Ans: anterior portion of the nasal cavity just inside the
nostrils. Surrounded by cartilage.
⫸ nasal septum. Ans: vertical partition that divides the nasal cavity into
right and left sides. Anterior portion consists primarily of hyaline
cartilage; the remainder is formed by the vomer, perpendicular plate of
the ethmoid, maxillae, and palatine bones.
⫸ superior, middle and inferior meatuses. Ans: series of groove-like air
passageways that subdivide each side of the nasal cavity. Arrangement
of conchae increases surface area in the internal nose and prevents
dehydration by trapping water droplets during exhalation.
⫸ olfactory epithelium. Ans: olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells,
and basal cells that lie in the respiratory region, which is near the
superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum. It contains cilia but no
goblet cells.
⫸ pharynx. Ans: funnel-shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and
extends to the level of the cricoid cartilage, the most inferior cartilage of
the larynx. Functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a
,resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils, which
participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders.
⫸ nasopharynx. Ans: superior portion of the pharynx. Lies posterior to
the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate. Receives air from the
nasal cavity along with packages of dust-laden mucus through internal
nares. Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and the
cilia move the mucus down toward the most inferior part of the pharynx.
Also exchanges small amounts of air with the auditory tubes to equalize
air pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere.
⫸ soft palate. Ans: arch-shaped muscular partition between the
nasopharynx and oropharynx that is lined by mucous membrane. Forms
the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth. There are five openings in
its wall: two internal nares, two openings that lead into the auditory
(pharyngotympanic) tubes (commonly known as the eustachian tubes),
and the opening into the oropharynx.
⫸ eustachian tubes. Ans: connected to soft palate by two openings.
⫸ pharyngeal tonsil. Ans: adenoid. Contained in posterior wall of soft
palate.
⫸ oropharynx. Ans: intermediate portion of the pharynx. Extends from
the soft palate inferiorly to the level of the hyoid bone. Has both
, respiratory and digestive functions, serving as a common passageway
for air, food, and drink.
⫸ fauces. Ans: only opening into the oropharynx. Opening from the
mouth.
⫸ palatine and lingual tonsils. Ans: two pairs of tonsils found in the
oropharynx.
⫸ laryngopharynx or hypopharynx. Ans: inferior portion of the pharynx.
Begins at the level of the hyoid bone. At its inferior end it opens into the
esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. Like the oropharynx, it
is both a respiratory and a digestive pathway and is lined by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
⫸ larynx or voice box. Ans: short passageway that connects the
laryngopharynx with the trachea. Wall of this structure is composed of
nine pieces of cartilage.
⫸ thyroid cartilage (adam's apple). Ans: consists of two fused plates of
hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a
triangular shape. It is present in both males and females but is usually
larger in males due to the influence of male sex hormones on its growth
during puberty.
