NSG 552/ NSG552 Exam 1 – Psychopharmacology Guide| Wilkes (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A

NSG 552/ NSG552 Exam 1 – Psychopharmacology Guide| Wilkes (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A QUESTION Antipsychotic polypharmacy can increase the risk of... Answer: re-hospitalization, diabetes, EPS, sedation, seizures, metabolic effects, mortality, and sudden cardiac death. QUESTION Positive symptoms Answer: + delusions + conceptual disorganization + excitement + gradiosity + hostility + hallucinations QUESTION Negative symptoms (5 A's) Answer: - affect (flat, constricted) - alogia (absence of speech) - apathy/avolition - attention (poor, lacking) - anhedonia - associability QUESTION Characteristics of antipsychotic medications; -Low potency Answer: Low potency means low affinity to dopamine receptors, meaning increased doses are required. -High incidence of antiadrenergic, anticholinergic and antihistaminic side effects -Lower risk of EPS -More lethal in overdose due to QTC prolongation ex; thorazine, mellaril QUESTION Characteristics of antipsychotic medications; -High potency Answer: High potency is a greater affinity of dopamine receptors, meaning decreased doses are required. -Less incidence of antiadrenergic, anticholinergic, and antihistamine -Greater risk of EPS ex; haldol (given IM in acute agitation or psychosis), prolixin, stelazine QUESTION What are some examples of first generation antipsychotics? Answer: Chlorpromazine (thorazine), Thioridazine (mellaril), Loxapine (loxitane), Thiothixene (Navane), Perphenaizine (Trilaforn), Haldol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine "ine" and "zines" + haldol QUESTION First-Generation Antipsychotics side effects - what would be essential to obtain? - what does it cause a blockade of? - high risk for ______ Answer: - prolonged QTC: obtain baseline EKG - orthostasis; due to the blockade of α1 receptors - elevated liver enzymes - EPS: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism) QUESTION What are first generation antipsychotic side effects in men, and women? Answer: - Men = Gynecomastia (enlargement of breasts in males), erectile dysfunction, low libido, galactorrhea - Women = galactorrhea and absence of menses, low libido QUESTION Tardive Dyskinesia risk factors and management Answer: A mostly irreversible involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. - rx factors; High doses, long duration, old age, women, hx of EPS, substance abuse (heavy smoking), diabetes -Management: benztropine (Cogentin); Dose reduction; D/C med; switch to an atypical antipsychotic; Clonazepam, Amantidine, Tetrabenazine. ... consider switching to Clozaril (lowest risk of TD) QUESTION What is torticollis? Answer: Contraction of neck muscles as a result from EPS tx; Congentin QUESTION in 2017, the first FDA-approved treatment for tardive dyskinesia is..? Answer: (Valbenazine=Ingrezza); Deutetrabenazine (Austedo) QUESTION What is AIMS testing for tardive dyskinesia patients? Answer: -It is a standardized assessment tool used by healthcare professionals to evaluate the presence and severity of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other involuntary movements. - AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) testing initially, then Q3-6 months QUESTION What is pertinent patient education for patients with tardive dyskinesia? - Which medication should be considered switching to since it's the lowest risk of tardive dyskinesia? Answer: TD symptoms may initially worsen transiently as medication dosages are lowered. -It may help to consider switching to clozapine (Clozaril) (Lowest risk of TD)