GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final
2026 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | New Update
T/F: Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary
movement. - ANSWER ✔✔False
It moves involuntarily.
T/F: In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle
type. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted
into the GI tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces.
- ANSWER ✔✔True
,T/F: Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left
ventricle-lung-right atrium-right ventricle. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Right atrium - right ventricle - lung - left atrium- left ventricle
T/F: Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the
left lung. - ANSWER ✔✔False
3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung
T/F: In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. -
ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two
ureters and two bladders. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Two kidneys, two ureters, and ONE bladder
T/F: Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order:
Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting
duct. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Bowman's Capsule - proximal tubule - loop of Henle - distal tubule -
collecting duct
T/F: Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in
controlling the activities of many different organ systems to maintain
homeostasis. - ANSWER ✔✔True
,T/F: Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by
receptors. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-
myelinated area) is called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is
insulated. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Myelin sheath insulates action potential. Action potential propagates
faster by skipping myelinated axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier
to another node.
What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from
readily and freely moving across the membrane? - ANSWER
✔✔Lipids (phospholipids)
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater:
- in the cytoplasm
- in the extracellular fluid - ANSWER ✔✔In the cytoplasm
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is
_______________. - ANSWER ✔✔passive through a channel
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater:
- in the cytoplasm
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, - in the extracellular fluid - ANSWER ✔✔In the extracellular fluid
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the
molecules move across a membrane: - ANSWER ✔✔from a low
concentration to a high concentration
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to
occur? - ANSWER ✔✔ATP
T/F: There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - ANSWER
✔✔False
T/F: Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a
compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high
concentration. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of
glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment
of low concentration. - ANSWER ✔✔False
T/F: All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active"
transport. - ANSWER ✔✔False
T/F: Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes
simultaneously but independently. - ANSWER ✔✔True
2026 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | New Update
T/F: Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary
movement. - ANSWER ✔✔False
It moves involuntarily.
T/F: In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle
type. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted
into the GI tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces.
- ANSWER ✔✔True
,T/F: Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left
ventricle-lung-right atrium-right ventricle. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Right atrium - right ventricle - lung - left atrium- left ventricle
T/F: Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the
left lung. - ANSWER ✔✔False
3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung
T/F: In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. -
ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two
ureters and two bladders. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Two kidneys, two ureters, and ONE bladder
T/F: Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order:
Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting
duct. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Bowman's Capsule - proximal tubule - loop of Henle - distal tubule -
collecting duct
T/F: Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in
controlling the activities of many different organ systems to maintain
homeostasis. - ANSWER ✔✔True
,T/F: Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by
receptors. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-
myelinated area) is called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is
insulated. - ANSWER ✔✔False
Myelin sheath insulates action potential. Action potential propagates
faster by skipping myelinated axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier
to another node.
What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from
readily and freely moving across the membrane? - ANSWER
✔✔Lipids (phospholipids)
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater:
- in the cytoplasm
- in the extracellular fluid - ANSWER ✔✔In the cytoplasm
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is
_______________. - ANSWER ✔✔passive through a channel
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater:
- in the cytoplasm
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, - in the extracellular fluid - ANSWER ✔✔In the extracellular fluid
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the
molecules move across a membrane: - ANSWER ✔✔from a low
concentration to a high concentration
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to
occur? - ANSWER ✔✔ATP
T/F: There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - ANSWER
✔✔False
T/F: Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a
compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high
concentration. - ANSWER ✔✔True
T/F: Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of
glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment
of low concentration. - ANSWER ✔✔False
T/F: All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active"
transport. - ANSWER ✔✔False
T/F: Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes
simultaneously but independently. - ANSWER ✔✔True
