WGU D236 Pathophysiology Study Guide | High-
Yield Actual Questions, Detailed Rationales &
Objective Assessment (OA) Exam Prep | Most
Frequently Tested Questions , Graded A+, Well
Updated and Verified | Latest Exam and Newest
Updated Version!!!!
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and
older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells
CORRECT ANSWER:
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
RATIONALE: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens,
which means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary
immune response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response
mediated by memory cells.
,Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER:
Metabolic alkalosis
RATIONALE: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the
same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high
because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH impact
Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it
easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream
CORRECT ANSWER:
,His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Oncotic
Oncotic
CORRECT ANSWER:
a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure
CORRECT ANSWER:
albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume
CORRECT ANSWER:
Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity
CORRECT ANSWER:
Possible answer: naive T cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
CORRECT ANSWER:
osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes
CORRECT ANSWER:
, -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors
CORRECT ANSWER:
-Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations
CORRECT ANSWER:
-dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs
CORRECT ANSWER:
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______
CORRECT ANSWER:
7.35-7.45
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems:
CORRECT ANSWER:
proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
Yield Actual Questions, Detailed Rationales &
Objective Assessment (OA) Exam Prep | Most
Frequently Tested Questions , Graded A+, Well
Updated and Verified | Latest Exam and Newest
Updated Version!!!!
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and
older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells
CORRECT ANSWER:
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
RATIONALE: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens,
which means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary
immune response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response
mediated by memory cells.
,Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER:
Metabolic alkalosis
RATIONALE: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the
same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high
because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH impact
Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it
easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream
CORRECT ANSWER:
,His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream?
CORRECT ANSWER:
Oncotic
Oncotic
CORRECT ANSWER:
a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure
CORRECT ANSWER:
albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume
CORRECT ANSWER:
Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity
CORRECT ANSWER:
Possible answer: naive T cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
CORRECT ANSWER:
osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes
CORRECT ANSWER:
, -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors
CORRECT ANSWER:
-Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations
CORRECT ANSWER:
-dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs
CORRECT ANSWER:
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______
CORRECT ANSWER:
7.35-7.45
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems:
CORRECT ANSWER:
proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
