NR 547 FINAL STUDY GUIDE – PMHNP
Questions and Answers
1. When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression
Answer Unipolar major depression (major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history
of one or more major depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
2. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Answer Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for each bolded answer. A score
of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
3. Geriatric Depression Scale
Answer The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report measure of depression in older
adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format. The GDS was originally developed as a 30-item instrument.
Since this version proved both time-consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item
version was developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items chosen from the Geriatric
Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items were chosen because of their high correlation with
depressive symptoms in previous validation studies
4. Geriatric Depression Scale Targeted Population
Answer he GDS may be used with healthy, med- ically ill and mild to moderately cognitively
impaired older adults. It has been extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care
,settings.
5. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Answer Score
Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of depression when answered positively,
while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively.
Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints; (No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may be
indicated Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated
6. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Indication for Intervention
Answer The presence of depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may
be used to monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth psychological
assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
7. Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]
Answer A brief 9-item self-report questionnaire used as a screen- ing tool to assess severity of
, depression; widely used by health care providers, in validity is well established, particularly for identifying
severe depression.
8. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Answer Widely used to screen for depression and to measure
behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals
complete using multiple choice response formats.
The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the BDI has been tested
across populations, worldwide.
9. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Answer Designed for use in the
general population and is now used as a screener for depression in primary care settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major dimensions of
depression experienced in the past week.
The CES-D can be used for children as young as 6 and through older adulthood. It has been tested across
gender and cultural populations and maintains consistent validity and reliability. The scale takes about 20
minutes to administer, including scoring.
10. EQ-5D
Questions and Answers
1. When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression
Answer Unipolar major depression (major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history
of one or more major depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
2. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Answer Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for each bolded answer. A score
of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
3. Geriatric Depression Scale
Answer The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report measure of depression in older
adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format. The GDS was originally developed as a 30-item instrument.
Since this version proved both time-consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item
version was developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items chosen from the Geriatric
Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items were chosen because of their high correlation with
depressive symptoms in previous validation studies
4. Geriatric Depression Scale Targeted Population
Answer he GDS may be used with healthy, med- ically ill and mild to moderately cognitively
impaired older adults. It has been extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care
,settings.
5. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Answer Score
Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of depression when answered positively,
while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively.
Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints; (No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may be
indicated Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated
6. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Indication for Intervention
Answer The presence of depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may
be used to monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth psychological
assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
7. Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]
Answer A brief 9-item self-report questionnaire used as a screen- ing tool to assess severity of
, depression; widely used by health care providers, in validity is well established, particularly for identifying
severe depression.
8. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Answer Widely used to screen for depression and to measure
behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals
complete using multiple choice response formats.
The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the BDI has been tested
across populations, worldwide.
9. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Answer Designed for use in the
general population and is now used as a screener for depression in primary care settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major dimensions of
depression experienced in the past week.
The CES-D can be used for children as young as 6 and through older adulthood. It has been tested across
gender and cultural populations and maintains consistent validity and reliability. The scale takes about 20
minutes to administer, including scoring.
10. EQ-5D
