NTR 401 Exam 2 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cells in the bone that use hydrochloric acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix and mineral:
a. Kupffer cell
b. osteoblast
c. osteoclast
d. osteocyte - CORRECT ANSWER c. osteoclast
Calcitrol is a shorter term for the chemical structure:
a. 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
b. 25 hydroxycholecalciferol
c. 1,25 dihysroxycholecalciferol
d. 1,24,25 trihydroxycholecalciferol - CORRECT ANSWER c. 1,25 dihysroxycholecalciferol
Menaquinone is:
a. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in animal tissue.
b. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria
c. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in the laboratory
d. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in plants - CORRECT ANSWER b. the
chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria
Epigenetics is an addition of a methyl (-CH_3) group to DNA and replication of the methyl form of
the DNA as cells divide. Molecule(s) most likely to be responsible for DNA methylation are
a. cysteine and homocysteine
b. methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine
c. selenocysteine
, d. uracil and thymidine - CORRECT ANSWER b. methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine
Which of the following types of research was used LEAST in setting the revised RDA for vitamin D
in the 2011 Institute of Medicine report?
a. The concentration of 25-OH vitamin D in serum in healthy and chronic disease states
b. The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence.
c. The relationship between vitamin D and bone strength
d. The relationship between vitamin D intake and 25-OH vitamin D in serum - CORRECT ANSWER
b. The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence.
One measure of protein quality is Net Protein Utilization (NPU), which can be described as the
percentage of nitrogen consume that is retained in the animal or person. "Nitrogen retained" can be
calculated from which of the following equations, (where I = N intake; F = fecal N; U = urinary N; Fo
and Uo = fecal and urinary nitrogen on a protein free diet.)
a. I - (U-Uo)
b. I - (F-Fo)
c. (U-Uo) + (F-Fo)
d. I - (U-Uo) - (F-Fo) - CORRECT ANSWER d. I - (U-Uo) - (F-Fo)
In contrast to osteoporosis, the disease osteomalacia and rickets are like to
a. be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a low density of
bone that is normally mineralized
b. be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a normal volume of
bone that is more poorly mineralized
c. be caused by low intake of vitamin D, but not calcium, and be characterized by a low density of
bone that is normally mineralized
d. be caused by l - CORRECT ANSWER d. be caused by low intake of vitamin D, but not
calcium, and be characterized by a normal volume of bone that is more poorly mineralized
Blood pH is LEAST likely to be affected or regulated by which of the following factors?
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cells in the bone that use hydrochloric acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix and mineral:
a. Kupffer cell
b. osteoblast
c. osteoclast
d. osteocyte - CORRECT ANSWER c. osteoclast
Calcitrol is a shorter term for the chemical structure:
a. 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
b. 25 hydroxycholecalciferol
c. 1,25 dihysroxycholecalciferol
d. 1,24,25 trihydroxycholecalciferol - CORRECT ANSWER c. 1,25 dihysroxycholecalciferol
Menaquinone is:
a. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in animal tissue.
b. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria
c. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in the laboratory
d. the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in plants - CORRECT ANSWER b. the
chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria
Epigenetics is an addition of a methyl (-CH_3) group to DNA and replication of the methyl form of
the DNA as cells divide. Molecule(s) most likely to be responsible for DNA methylation are
a. cysteine and homocysteine
b. methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine
c. selenocysteine
, d. uracil and thymidine - CORRECT ANSWER b. methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine
Which of the following types of research was used LEAST in setting the revised RDA for vitamin D
in the 2011 Institute of Medicine report?
a. The concentration of 25-OH vitamin D in serum in healthy and chronic disease states
b. The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence.
c. The relationship between vitamin D and bone strength
d. The relationship between vitamin D intake and 25-OH vitamin D in serum - CORRECT ANSWER
b. The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence.
One measure of protein quality is Net Protein Utilization (NPU), which can be described as the
percentage of nitrogen consume that is retained in the animal or person. "Nitrogen retained" can be
calculated from which of the following equations, (where I = N intake; F = fecal N; U = urinary N; Fo
and Uo = fecal and urinary nitrogen on a protein free diet.)
a. I - (U-Uo)
b. I - (F-Fo)
c. (U-Uo) + (F-Fo)
d. I - (U-Uo) - (F-Fo) - CORRECT ANSWER d. I - (U-Uo) - (F-Fo)
In contrast to osteoporosis, the disease osteomalacia and rickets are like to
a. be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a low density of
bone that is normally mineralized
b. be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a normal volume of
bone that is more poorly mineralized
c. be caused by low intake of vitamin D, but not calcium, and be characterized by a low density of
bone that is normally mineralized
d. be caused by l - CORRECT ANSWER d. be caused by low intake of vitamin D, but not
calcium, and be characterized by a normal volume of bone that is more poorly mineralized
Blood pH is LEAST likely to be affected or regulated by which of the following factors?
