Clinical Application of Perfusion Exam and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What are cannulation sites for an LVAD? - (ANSWER)Pulmonary Vein and Aorta
What is the minimum pressure for an LVAD inflow, before you are at risk for drawing air? - (ANSWER)5
mmHg
Correction for cannula entrapment in LVAD's can be accomplished by doing what? - (ANSWER)increasing
the left atrial preload (decreasing flow)
--> Cannula is sucking down in the LVAD inflow either in the pulm vein, lv apex, or just below crossing the
aortic valve.
What is the indication that indicates to add an RVAD? - (ANSWER)Right atrial pressure >20 mmHg with
IABP and inotropic support
Cannulation sites for RVAD support? - (ANSWER)Right atrium and pulmonary artery.
Which would not be an important consideration in cannula selection?
A. size B. Shape C. Cannula Circuit connector Size D. Flow requirements - (ANSWER)C. Cannula Circuit
Connector Size
Right Ventricular flow rates should be adjusted in relation to what? - (ANSWER)Left ventricular flow rate.
In RVAD's, pump inflow cannula entrapment is indicated by? - (ANSWER)snapping or chattering of the
line
What action can correct RVAD cannula entrapment? - (ANSWER)Increasing the right atrial preload. (slow
flow)
,Clinical Application of Perfusion Exam and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
When is heparin therapy to maintain coagulation in VAD's usually started? - (ANSWER)Within 24 hours
after initial bleeding from surgery has been controlled. Sometimes patients will get protamine. ACT's
should be between 150-200 seconds.
When do patients diagnosed with atrial petal defects become diagnosed in relation to Qp/Qs ratio? -
(ANSWER)1:1.5
What would normal urine output for a child who weights 12 kg be? What is the standard for urine
output in cardiac patients? - (ANSWER)~20 ml/hour
In cardiac patients it is suggest that urine output should be .5-1.0 ml/kg/hour
What is the estimated blood volume of a child who weights 12 kg? - (ANSWER)75 * 12= 900 ml
clinical manual of perfusion states that blood volume for a 11-20 kg child should be 80 ml/kg
A 2 year old child weighting 12 kg is going on bypass. Prebypas Hct is 40% and priming volume is 1200 ml
what is the diluted hematocrit? - (ANSWER)((12*75)*40)/((12*75)+1200)= 17.1%
How is venous cannulation usually done in repair of an ASD? - (ANSWER)bicaval cannulation
Upon going onto bypass pressure will drop in direct proportion to what? - (ANSWER)viscosity
Flow=perf pressure/(vasc resistance x viscosity)
Which of the following would most likely be used to treat hypotension on a jehovah witness patient who
requests no blood products be utilized.
a) aramine b) ephedrine c)neosynephrine d) regitine - (ANSWER)C. neosynephrine (phenylephrine)
2 yr old 12 kg child is placed on complete bypass, when RA is opened large amount of venous blood is
present. What is the cause - (ANSWER)Persistent left superior vena cava
, Clinical Application of Perfusion Exam and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
During CPB arterial blood gas for 2 yr old 12 kg patient : pH 7.35, pO2 188 mmHg, pCO2 27 mmHg. -
(ANSWER)increase blood flow, decrease sweep, give NaHCO3
What best characterizes cold agglutinin disease?
a) collagen vascular disease
b) serum antibody disease
c) bacterial infection
d) autosomal dominant trait - (ANSWER)B--> serum antibody disease.
cold agglutinins is an auto immune disease
Clinical signs of cold agglutinins include
a) acute onset shivering
b)erythematous rash
c) Acrocyanosis of the digits
d) piloerection - (ANSWER)c) acrocyanosis of the digits
piloerection is hair standing up on arms and legs. stupid trick answer.
What is the most clinically relevant characteristic of cold agglutinins? - (ANSWER)Thermal Amplitude
A clinically insignificant cold agglutinin characteristic would be?
a) irreversible agglutination
b) complement binding
c) hemolysis
d) peak activity at 0-4 degrees celsius - (ANSWER)D. peak activity at 0-4 degrees celsius.
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
What are cannulation sites for an LVAD? - (ANSWER)Pulmonary Vein and Aorta
What is the minimum pressure for an LVAD inflow, before you are at risk for drawing air? - (ANSWER)5
mmHg
Correction for cannula entrapment in LVAD's can be accomplished by doing what? - (ANSWER)increasing
the left atrial preload (decreasing flow)
--> Cannula is sucking down in the LVAD inflow either in the pulm vein, lv apex, or just below crossing the
aortic valve.
What is the indication that indicates to add an RVAD? - (ANSWER)Right atrial pressure >20 mmHg with
IABP and inotropic support
Cannulation sites for RVAD support? - (ANSWER)Right atrium and pulmonary artery.
Which would not be an important consideration in cannula selection?
A. size B. Shape C. Cannula Circuit connector Size D. Flow requirements - (ANSWER)C. Cannula Circuit
Connector Size
Right Ventricular flow rates should be adjusted in relation to what? - (ANSWER)Left ventricular flow rate.
In RVAD's, pump inflow cannula entrapment is indicated by? - (ANSWER)snapping or chattering of the
line
What action can correct RVAD cannula entrapment? - (ANSWER)Increasing the right atrial preload. (slow
flow)
,Clinical Application of Perfusion Exam and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
When is heparin therapy to maintain coagulation in VAD's usually started? - (ANSWER)Within 24 hours
after initial bleeding from surgery has been controlled. Sometimes patients will get protamine. ACT's
should be between 150-200 seconds.
When do patients diagnosed with atrial petal defects become diagnosed in relation to Qp/Qs ratio? -
(ANSWER)1:1.5
What would normal urine output for a child who weights 12 kg be? What is the standard for urine
output in cardiac patients? - (ANSWER)~20 ml/hour
In cardiac patients it is suggest that urine output should be .5-1.0 ml/kg/hour
What is the estimated blood volume of a child who weights 12 kg? - (ANSWER)75 * 12= 900 ml
clinical manual of perfusion states that blood volume for a 11-20 kg child should be 80 ml/kg
A 2 year old child weighting 12 kg is going on bypass. Prebypas Hct is 40% and priming volume is 1200 ml
what is the diluted hematocrit? - (ANSWER)((12*75)*40)/((12*75)+1200)= 17.1%
How is venous cannulation usually done in repair of an ASD? - (ANSWER)bicaval cannulation
Upon going onto bypass pressure will drop in direct proportion to what? - (ANSWER)viscosity
Flow=perf pressure/(vasc resistance x viscosity)
Which of the following would most likely be used to treat hypotension on a jehovah witness patient who
requests no blood products be utilized.
a) aramine b) ephedrine c)neosynephrine d) regitine - (ANSWER)C. neosynephrine (phenylephrine)
2 yr old 12 kg child is placed on complete bypass, when RA is opened large amount of venous blood is
present. What is the cause - (ANSWER)Persistent left superior vena cava
, Clinical Application of Perfusion Exam and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
During CPB arterial blood gas for 2 yr old 12 kg patient : pH 7.35, pO2 188 mmHg, pCO2 27 mmHg. -
(ANSWER)increase blood flow, decrease sweep, give NaHCO3
What best characterizes cold agglutinin disease?
a) collagen vascular disease
b) serum antibody disease
c) bacterial infection
d) autosomal dominant trait - (ANSWER)B--> serum antibody disease.
cold agglutinins is an auto immune disease
Clinical signs of cold agglutinins include
a) acute onset shivering
b)erythematous rash
c) Acrocyanosis of the digits
d) piloerection - (ANSWER)c) acrocyanosis of the digits
piloerection is hair standing up on arms and legs. stupid trick answer.
What is the most clinically relevant characteristic of cold agglutinins? - (ANSWER)Thermal Amplitude
A clinically insignificant cold agglutinin characteristic would be?
a) irreversible agglutination
b) complement binding
c) hemolysis
d) peak activity at 0-4 degrees celsius - (ANSWER)D. peak activity at 0-4 degrees celsius.
