FRHD 1010 MIDTERM 1 STUDY GUIDE | FAMILY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔five steps which will avoid unexamined opinions and rein in
personal biases
Step 1 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔begin with curiosity
Step 2 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Form a hypothesis
Step 3 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Test the hypothesis
Step 4 of the Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔drawing conclusions
Step 5 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Report your results
Nature vs. Nurture - ANS ✔✔name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or
environment is responsible for driving behaviour
lifespan perspective - ANS ✔✔infancy 0-2
early childhood 2-6
middle childhood 6-11
adolescence 11-18
emerging adulthood 18-25
adulthood 25-65
late adulthood 65+
,Development is multidirectional - ANS ✔✔Throughout life, some dimensions or components of
a dimension expand and others shrink.
critical period - ANS ✔✔A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or
behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen.
sensitive period - ANS ✔✔a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen
or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty
Urie Bronfenbrenner - ANS ✔✔Outlined layers of environment that affect a child's
development, such as the child's own biology, family/community environment, and society.
socioeconomic status (SES) - ANS ✔✔a person's position in society as determined by income,
wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence
difference-equals-deficit error - ANS ✔✔the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is
necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Acculturation - ANS ✔✔the process of cultural change and psychological change that results
following meeting between cultures
Development is plastic - ANS ✔✔Human traits can be molded (as plastic can be), yet people
maintain a certain durability of identity (as plastic does).
dynamic systems - ANS ✔✔A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing
interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial
understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many
systems of development.
, differential sensitivity - ANS ✔✔the idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are
to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Theories of Human Development - ANS ✔✔Psychoanalytic theory
Learning theory
Cognitive theory
Systems theory
Humanism
psychoanalytic theory - ANS ✔✔A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behavior
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✔✔psychoanalysis
Oral phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's
development
birth - 1 year
anal phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's
development during which bowel control is learned
1-3 years
phallic phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) third phase in Freud's model; child experiences
pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with genital organs, unconscious sexual
attraction to parent of same sex as well as guilt; fixations results in difficulty with sexual identity
and authority figures
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔five steps which will avoid unexamined opinions and rein in
personal biases
Step 1 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔begin with curiosity
Step 2 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Form a hypothesis
Step 3 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Test the hypothesis
Step 4 of the Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔drawing conclusions
Step 5 of Scientific Method - ANS ✔✔Report your results
Nature vs. Nurture - ANS ✔✔name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or
environment is responsible for driving behaviour
lifespan perspective - ANS ✔✔infancy 0-2
early childhood 2-6
middle childhood 6-11
adolescence 11-18
emerging adulthood 18-25
adulthood 25-65
late adulthood 65+
,Development is multidirectional - ANS ✔✔Throughout life, some dimensions or components of
a dimension expand and others shrink.
critical period - ANS ✔✔A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or
behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen.
sensitive period - ANS ✔✔a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen
or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty
Urie Bronfenbrenner - ANS ✔✔Outlined layers of environment that affect a child's
development, such as the child's own biology, family/community environment, and society.
socioeconomic status (SES) - ANS ✔✔a person's position in society as determined by income,
wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence
difference-equals-deficit error - ANS ✔✔the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is
necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Acculturation - ANS ✔✔the process of cultural change and psychological change that results
following meeting between cultures
Development is plastic - ANS ✔✔Human traits can be molded (as plastic can be), yet people
maintain a certain durability of identity (as plastic does).
dynamic systems - ANS ✔✔A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing
interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial
understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many
systems of development.
, differential sensitivity - ANS ✔✔the idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are
to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Theories of Human Development - ANS ✔✔Psychoanalytic theory
Learning theory
Cognitive theory
Systems theory
Humanism
psychoanalytic theory - ANS ✔✔A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behavior
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✔✔psychoanalysis
Oral phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's
development
birth - 1 year
anal phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's
development during which bowel control is learned
1-3 years
phallic phase - ANS ✔✔(psychoanalysis) third phase in Freud's model; child experiences
pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with genital organs, unconscious sexual
attraction to parent of same sex as well as guilt; fixations results in difficulty with sexual identity
and authority figures
