MICR 271 - Module 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Describe how horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure can
lead to antibiotic resistance. Correct Answers Genes from
already resistant strains can be passed on from one organism to
the next. Selective pressure allows for better survival in species
with better-adapted characteristics.
Describe how human practices have led to increased antibiotic
resistance and changes to broader microbial environments.
Correct Answers - Overprescription
- Overused
- Prolonged exposure
- Antibiotics in water
- Microbe changes in carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Discuss the evidence that supports the theory that mitochondria
evolved from bacteria. Correct Answers 1. Self replicating
2. Own genome.
Discuss the hypotheses around the origin of viruses. Correct
Answers 1. Reduction theory
2. Escape theory
3. Virus-First theory
How do microbes play a role in the carbon cycle? Correct
Answers Microbes are responsible for half of photosynthesis on
Earth. Carbon in atmosphere is organic molecules. Prokaryotic
decomposers break down dead organic material.
, How do vaccines impact pathogens? Correct Answers 1. Herd
immunity - An entire population is immune
2. Vaccines have an opportune window. They are not always
very effective due to changing surface antigens.
3. Vaccines offer selective pressures, which don't always kill all
the pathogens but rather confer resistance to certain species
which can be dangerous.
How does the mega plate petri dish experiment prove? Correct
Answers Increased antibiotic concentrated areas are still
colonized by bacteria because they develop mutations to
colonize these.
How du mutations lead to evolution? Correct Answers
Mutations can be spontaneous through an error in replication or
repair or induced by chemical agents. These include insertions,
deletions, point mutations, replacements, and inversions. Most
of the time, these are harmful but they can occasionally be
beneficial and confer advantage.
How have humans contributed to the change in microbial
distribution? Correct Answers - Reforestation
- Deforestation
- Microbial control measures
- Climate change (indirect, but still significant): Increased
temperatures in the soil change the concentration of detritus and
root respiration (temperature dependent)
How is the nitrogen cycle impacted by microbes? Correct
Answers Nitrifying bacteria!!
Describe how horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure can
lead to antibiotic resistance. Correct Answers Genes from
already resistant strains can be passed on from one organism to
the next. Selective pressure allows for better survival in species
with better-adapted characteristics.
Describe how human practices have led to increased antibiotic
resistance and changes to broader microbial environments.
Correct Answers - Overprescription
- Overused
- Prolonged exposure
- Antibiotics in water
- Microbe changes in carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Discuss the evidence that supports the theory that mitochondria
evolved from bacteria. Correct Answers 1. Self replicating
2. Own genome.
Discuss the hypotheses around the origin of viruses. Correct
Answers 1. Reduction theory
2. Escape theory
3. Virus-First theory
How do microbes play a role in the carbon cycle? Correct
Answers Microbes are responsible for half of photosynthesis on
Earth. Carbon in atmosphere is organic molecules. Prokaryotic
decomposers break down dead organic material.
, How do vaccines impact pathogens? Correct Answers 1. Herd
immunity - An entire population is immune
2. Vaccines have an opportune window. They are not always
very effective due to changing surface antigens.
3. Vaccines offer selective pressures, which don't always kill all
the pathogens but rather confer resistance to certain species
which can be dangerous.
How does the mega plate petri dish experiment prove? Correct
Answers Increased antibiotic concentrated areas are still
colonized by bacteria because they develop mutations to
colonize these.
How du mutations lead to evolution? Correct Answers
Mutations can be spontaneous through an error in replication or
repair or induced by chemical agents. These include insertions,
deletions, point mutations, replacements, and inversions. Most
of the time, these are harmful but they can occasionally be
beneficial and confer advantage.
How have humans contributed to the change in microbial
distribution? Correct Answers - Reforestation
- Deforestation
- Microbial control measures
- Climate change (indirect, but still significant): Increased
temperatures in the soil change the concentration of detritus and
root respiration (temperature dependent)
How is the nitrogen cycle impacted by microbes? Correct
Answers Nitrifying bacteria!!
