PAT MODULES 1-6 CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What are the normal's for the following labs1) Urine Specific Gravity 2)
Serum Osmolality 3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)4) troponin I 5)
electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)6) BUN & Creatinine7) CBC ( hgb,
hct, RBC, WBC, platelets).
Answer: 1) 1.000-1.0302) 270-3003) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2
35-45// Pa02 80-1004) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5//
Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-26) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.27) hgb 12-18// hct
37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets 150,000-400,000
◍ Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid
Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday,
49% today; serum osmolarity 3082) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today;
Urine specific gravity 1.0013) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7.
Answer: 1) A2) B3) A
◍ The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with
acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should prompt
the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare provider?a)
Serum sodium level 134b) Serum potassium 5.6c) Heart rate 58d) Blood
pressure 125/78.
Answer: b) Serum potassium 5.6*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate
hyperkalemia.
◍ The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following an
extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this patient
in the emergent phase of treatment?a) Lactated Ringersb) 0.45 NS with 20
mEq potassium chloridec) Fresh Frozen Plasmad) 5% Dextrose in saline.
, Answer: a) Lactated Ringers*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to
restore fluid volume in patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic.
Normal saline is also isotonic.
◍ Radiation.
Answer: Energy transmitted through matter
◍ Ionization.
Answer: The process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or
molecule gives the atom or molecule a net charge. This process disrupts the
composition of the matter. In living things, this can cause biological damage
to cells & tissue.
◍ The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the therapy.
Which of the following would indicate a possible complication of ventilator
therapy?a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hoursb) Lung
sounds absent on one side.c) Forceful cough periodicallyd)
Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields..
Answer: b) Lung sounds absent on one side.*This may indicate a
pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
◍ The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently. What
is the nurse's first action?a) Assess the client's oxygenation.b) Call the RT to
check the ventilator settings.c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.d) Determine
whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal tube cuff..
Answer: a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
◍ Energy.
Answer: the capacity to do work( mechanical, electrical, heat, nuclear, and
electromagnetic energy.
◍ Sound energy.
Answer: energy carried by sound waves(sonography)
◍ Forms of Energy used for imaging.
Answer: 1.X-rays Radiography &CT 2.Radio waves &magnetic fields
, MRI3.Sound waves Sonography (Ultrasound)4.Electrical
Electrocardiography (ECG)5.Heat (Thermal energy)
Thermography6.Gamma rays Nuclear medicine
◍ Electromagnetic energy.
Answer: are energies that travel
◍ Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for
the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired effect?a)
Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+b) Neck veins slightly distended @
30 degreesc) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.d) Pulse
oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95%.
Answer: c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
◍ Mammography.
Answer: a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of
tumors or precancerous cells
◍ Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?a) 0.45% salineb) Dextrose 5% in waterc)
Dextrose 10% in waterd) 0.9% saline.
Answer: d) 0.9% saline
◍ A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in the
immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a diuretic.
What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select all that
apply)a)Anginab)Hypotensionc)Dysrhythmiasd)Oliguriae)Tachycardia.
Answer: a)Anginac)Dysrhythmiase)Tachycardia*Is a beta1 aderenergic
agonist; general anesthetics can increase the likelihood of dysrhythmias.
Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO. Diuretics complement the
beneficial effects of dobutamine on the kidney, so urine output would be
increased, not decreased.
◍ Radiography.
Answer: Making of records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body
by passing x-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially
, sensitized film or an imaging plate or system
◍ A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal saline
infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an indicator that the
therapeutic goal has been met?a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hoursb)
Arterial blood pressure is 90/42c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hgd)
Patient's heart rate is 101.
Answer: a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours*Fluid resuscitation goals in
sepsis are: MAP > 65, UO . 0.5 mL/kg/hr, and/or CVP 8-12 mm Hg.
◍ Radiologic Technologist.
Answer: general term applied to an individual who performs radiography,
radiation therapy, or nuclear medicine technology
◍ Radiologist Assistant (RA).
Answer: an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the
radiologist in the diagnostic imaging environment, thereby enhancing
patient care
◍ Radiologist.
Answer: physician specialist in the interpretation of radiograms and other
diagnostic imaging modalities
◍ The nurse is caring for Mrs. B, who has a pulmonary embolus. She is started
on a heparin drip and 4 hours later the aPTT is 70 seconds (lab control or
"normal" value is 40 secs). The nurse should:a) Notify the provider and
request an order for warfarin (Coumadin).b) Notify the provider and request
a decrease in the heparin dose.c) Continue the present order for heparin.d)
Hold the heparin and notify the physician..
Answer: c) Continue the present order for heparin.*The aPTT is therapeutic
for a heparinized patient with a PE. A therapeutic aPTT for a heparinized
patient is 1.5-2x the "normal" or "control" value. Review also the heparin
protocol calculations. We did an example on the PE case study.
◍ A patient with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction is admitted to your unit.
Which of the patient's statements would alert you to the possibility of acute
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What are the normal's for the following labs1) Urine Specific Gravity 2)
Serum Osmolality 3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)4) troponin I 5)
electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)6) BUN & Creatinine7) CBC ( hgb,
hct, RBC, WBC, platelets).
Answer: 1) 1.000-1.0302) 270-3003) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2
35-45// Pa02 80-1004) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5//
Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-26) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.27) hgb 12-18// hct
37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets 150,000-400,000
◍ Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid
Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday,
49% today; serum osmolarity 3082) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today;
Urine specific gravity 1.0013) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7.
Answer: 1) A2) B3) A
◍ The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with
acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should prompt
the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare provider?a)
Serum sodium level 134b) Serum potassium 5.6c) Heart rate 58d) Blood
pressure 125/78.
Answer: b) Serum potassium 5.6*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate
hyperkalemia.
◍ The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following an
extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this patient
in the emergent phase of treatment?a) Lactated Ringersb) 0.45 NS with 20
mEq potassium chloridec) Fresh Frozen Plasmad) 5% Dextrose in saline.
, Answer: a) Lactated Ringers*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to
restore fluid volume in patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic.
Normal saline is also isotonic.
◍ Radiation.
Answer: Energy transmitted through matter
◍ Ionization.
Answer: The process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or
molecule gives the atom or molecule a net charge. This process disrupts the
composition of the matter. In living things, this can cause biological damage
to cells & tissue.
◍ The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the therapy.
Which of the following would indicate a possible complication of ventilator
therapy?a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hoursb) Lung
sounds absent on one side.c) Forceful cough periodicallyd)
Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields..
Answer: b) Lung sounds absent on one side.*This may indicate a
pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
◍ The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently. What
is the nurse's first action?a) Assess the client's oxygenation.b) Call the RT to
check the ventilator settings.c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.d) Determine
whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal tube cuff..
Answer: a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
◍ Energy.
Answer: the capacity to do work( mechanical, electrical, heat, nuclear, and
electromagnetic energy.
◍ Sound energy.
Answer: energy carried by sound waves(sonography)
◍ Forms of Energy used for imaging.
Answer: 1.X-rays Radiography &CT 2.Radio waves &magnetic fields
, MRI3.Sound waves Sonography (Ultrasound)4.Electrical
Electrocardiography (ECG)5.Heat (Thermal energy)
Thermography6.Gamma rays Nuclear medicine
◍ Electromagnetic energy.
Answer: are energies that travel
◍ Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for
the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired effect?a)
Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+b) Neck veins slightly distended @
30 degreesc) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.d) Pulse
oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95%.
Answer: c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
◍ Mammography.
Answer: a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of
tumors or precancerous cells
◍ Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?a) 0.45% salineb) Dextrose 5% in waterc)
Dextrose 10% in waterd) 0.9% saline.
Answer: d) 0.9% saline
◍ A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in the
immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a diuretic.
What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select all that
apply)a)Anginab)Hypotensionc)Dysrhythmiasd)Oliguriae)Tachycardia.
Answer: a)Anginac)Dysrhythmiase)Tachycardia*Is a beta1 aderenergic
agonist; general anesthetics can increase the likelihood of dysrhythmias.
Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO. Diuretics complement the
beneficial effects of dobutamine on the kidney, so urine output would be
increased, not decreased.
◍ Radiography.
Answer: Making of records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body
by passing x-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially
, sensitized film or an imaging plate or system
◍ A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal saline
infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an indicator that the
therapeutic goal has been met?a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hoursb)
Arterial blood pressure is 90/42c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hgd)
Patient's heart rate is 101.
Answer: a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours*Fluid resuscitation goals in
sepsis are: MAP > 65, UO . 0.5 mL/kg/hr, and/or CVP 8-12 mm Hg.
◍ Radiologic Technologist.
Answer: general term applied to an individual who performs radiography,
radiation therapy, or nuclear medicine technology
◍ Radiologist Assistant (RA).
Answer: an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the
radiologist in the diagnostic imaging environment, thereby enhancing
patient care
◍ Radiologist.
Answer: physician specialist in the interpretation of radiograms and other
diagnostic imaging modalities
◍ The nurse is caring for Mrs. B, who has a pulmonary embolus. She is started
on a heparin drip and 4 hours later the aPTT is 70 seconds (lab control or
"normal" value is 40 secs). The nurse should:a) Notify the provider and
request an order for warfarin (Coumadin).b) Notify the provider and request
a decrease in the heparin dose.c) Continue the present order for heparin.d)
Hold the heparin and notify the physician..
Answer: c) Continue the present order for heparin.*The aPTT is therapeutic
for a heparinized patient with a PE. A therapeutic aPTT for a heparinized
patient is 1.5-2x the "normal" or "control" value. Review also the heparin
protocol calculations. We did an example on the PE case study.
◍ A patient with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction is admitted to your unit.
Which of the patient's statements would alert you to the possibility of acute
