PARAOPTOMETRIC TEST 2026 REVISION
NOTES AND STRUCTURED OPTICAL PRACTICE
OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ Which is not required for documentation of released PHI?.
Answer: Age, name, password
◉ Ciliary Muscle. Answer: The muscle inside of the eyeball that
alters the shape of the crystalline lens. It has direct control over the
focusing ability of the eye.
◉ Medial Rectus. Answer: The most powerful of the extraocular
muscles. Turns the eye toward the nose.
◉ Inferior Rectus. Answer: Its primary action is to turn the eye
downward.
◉ Lateral Rectus. Answer: Its only action is to move the eyes away
from the nose.
◉ Superior Rectus. Answer: Its primary action is to move the eye
upward.
,◉ Superior Oblique. Answer: Rotates eye down and inward
◉ Inferior Oblique. Answer: Rotates eye up and outward
◉ Anterior Chamber. Answer: The area inside the eye, behind the
cornea, and in front of the iris.
◉ Aqueous humor. Answer: a clear, watery fluid produced by the
ciliary body. It provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea.
◉ Choroid. Answer: Sandwiched between the sclera and the retina.
This nourishes the retina.
◉ Conjunctiva. Answer: clear, cellophane-like tissue that covers the
sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. The *palpebral* _______
lines the lids, while the *bulbar* _______ covers the sclera.
◉ Fovea Centralis. Answer: Area in the macula where visual acuity is
the sharpest.
◉ Macula. Answer: The central part of the retina, which is used for
seeing detail.
,◉ Posterior Chamber. Answer: The area behind the iris and in front
of the lens.
◉ Rods. Answer: Photoreceptors that provide black/white vision
and are the most sensitive.
◉ Cones. Answer: Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and
for clear central vision.
◉ Sclera. Answer: The white portion of the eye made up of a tough,
fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to the eyeball.
◉ Vitreous Humor. Answer: A thick, clear, jelly-like substance that
fills the eye between the lens and the retina. This serves to support
the retina and helps keep the eye round.
◉ Ocular Adnexa. Answer: The adjacent structures of the eye, such
as eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, tarsal plates, orbit,
extraocular muscles and conjunctiva.
◉ Sinuses. Answer: Air spaces within the bones.
◉ Lacrimal Gland. Answer: The gland that supplies most of the tears
to the eye.
, ◉ Lacrimal Duct. Answer: The drainage system for tears.
◉ Nasolacrimal Duct. Answer: The drainage system for the tears to
leave the eye.
◉ Amblyopia. Answer: A loss of vision in one or both eyes.
◉ Aphakia. Answer: When a cataract progress to the degree that it
interferes with vision, the crystalline lens can be surgically removed.
Absence of the lens in the eye.
◉ Chalazion. Answer: As the inflammation resolves in a hordeolum,
it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small lump).
◉ Blepharitis. Answer: Inflammation of the lid margin.
◉ Diabetic Retinopathy. Answer: Due to poor blood circulation that
occurs with diabetes mellitus, new blood vessel growth often
develops in the retina.
◉ Esotropia. Answer: A form of strabismus in which one or both
eyes turn inward.
NOTES AND STRUCTURED OPTICAL PRACTICE
OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ Which is not required for documentation of released PHI?.
Answer: Age, name, password
◉ Ciliary Muscle. Answer: The muscle inside of the eyeball that
alters the shape of the crystalline lens. It has direct control over the
focusing ability of the eye.
◉ Medial Rectus. Answer: The most powerful of the extraocular
muscles. Turns the eye toward the nose.
◉ Inferior Rectus. Answer: Its primary action is to turn the eye
downward.
◉ Lateral Rectus. Answer: Its only action is to move the eyes away
from the nose.
◉ Superior Rectus. Answer: Its primary action is to move the eye
upward.
,◉ Superior Oblique. Answer: Rotates eye down and inward
◉ Inferior Oblique. Answer: Rotates eye up and outward
◉ Anterior Chamber. Answer: The area inside the eye, behind the
cornea, and in front of the iris.
◉ Aqueous humor. Answer: a clear, watery fluid produced by the
ciliary body. It provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea.
◉ Choroid. Answer: Sandwiched between the sclera and the retina.
This nourishes the retina.
◉ Conjunctiva. Answer: clear, cellophane-like tissue that covers the
sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. The *palpebral* _______
lines the lids, while the *bulbar* _______ covers the sclera.
◉ Fovea Centralis. Answer: Area in the macula where visual acuity is
the sharpest.
◉ Macula. Answer: The central part of the retina, which is used for
seeing detail.
,◉ Posterior Chamber. Answer: The area behind the iris and in front
of the lens.
◉ Rods. Answer: Photoreceptors that provide black/white vision
and are the most sensitive.
◉ Cones. Answer: Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and
for clear central vision.
◉ Sclera. Answer: The white portion of the eye made up of a tough,
fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to the eyeball.
◉ Vitreous Humor. Answer: A thick, clear, jelly-like substance that
fills the eye between the lens and the retina. This serves to support
the retina and helps keep the eye round.
◉ Ocular Adnexa. Answer: The adjacent structures of the eye, such
as eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, tarsal plates, orbit,
extraocular muscles and conjunctiva.
◉ Sinuses. Answer: Air spaces within the bones.
◉ Lacrimal Gland. Answer: The gland that supplies most of the tears
to the eye.
, ◉ Lacrimal Duct. Answer: The drainage system for tears.
◉ Nasolacrimal Duct. Answer: The drainage system for the tears to
leave the eye.
◉ Amblyopia. Answer: A loss of vision in one or both eyes.
◉ Aphakia. Answer: When a cataract progress to the degree that it
interferes with vision, the crystalline lens can be surgically removed.
Absence of the lens in the eye.
◉ Chalazion. Answer: As the inflammation resolves in a hordeolum,
it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small lump).
◉ Blepharitis. Answer: Inflammation of the lid margin.
◉ Diabetic Retinopathy. Answer: Due to poor blood circulation that
occurs with diabetes mellitus, new blood vessel growth often
develops in the retina.
◉ Esotropia. Answer: A form of strabismus in which one or both
eyes turn inward.
