NSG 5140- RESPIRATORY
DISORDERS/ASSESSMENT
AcuteffRespiratoryffFailureff-ffans-✔✔-
gasffexchangeffisffinadequateff(insufficientffamountffofffO2ffforfftransferffand/
orffinsufficientffremovalffofffCO2).
-ffconditionffnotffdisease
-ffcanffbeffduefftoffpneumoniafforffCOPD
-ffhypoxemicfforffhypercapnic
Hypoxemiaff-ffans-✔✔-fflowfflevelsffofffoxygenffwithinfftheffbloodff(O2ffunderff90%)
-ffPaCO2ffoverff60ffmmHg
-ffoftenffduefftoffpneumonia.ffpulmonaryffemboli,ffsmokeffinhalation,fforffheartfffailure
hypercapniaff-ffans-✔✔-ffanffexcessiveffamountffofffCO2ffinfftheffblood
-ffmeasuredffbyffpulseffoximeterffandffarterialffbloodffgassesff
-ffPaCO2ffunderff45ffmmHg
-ffleadfftoffanffacid-baseffimbalance
-ffcauses:fftraumaff(ribfffracture),ffCNSffdepressantffmeds,ffneuromuscularffdiseases
CausesffofffHypoxemiaff-ffans-
✔✔1.ffVentilation:ffnotffenoughffairffenteringffthefflungs.ffInsufficientffbloodffsupply.ff(Asthm
a,ffCOPD)
2.ffShunting:ffBloodffdidffnotffgofftoffthefflungsffforffgasffexchange.ffThisffcanffbeffduefftoffatria
lfforffventricularffseptalffdefects.
3.ffDiffusionfflimitation:ffdecreaseffomffgasffexchangeffduefftoffcapillaryffmembraneffbeingfft
hickenedfforffdestroyed.
4.ffAlveolarffhypoventilation:ffdecreaseffinffventilationffcausingffanffincreaseffinffCO2fflevelsff
duefftoffrestrictivefflungffdisease,ffchestffwallffdysfunction,fforffneuromuscularffdisease.
Respiratoryfffailure:ffairwaysffandffalveoliff-ffans-✔✔-
fffluidffentersffthefflungsffandffinterferesffwithffgasffexchange.ff
-ffbronchospasmsffreduceffairflow
-ffalveoliffdestroyed
-ffviscousffsecretionsffblockingffgasffexhange
Respiratoryfffailure:ffCNSff-ffans-✔✔-ffopioidsfforffCNSffdepressantffmeds
-ffbrainstemffinjury
DISORDERS/ASSESSMENT
AcuteffRespiratoryffFailureff-ffans-✔✔-
gasffexchangeffisffinadequateff(insufficientffamountffofffO2ffforfftransferffand/
orffinsufficientffremovalffofffCO2).
-ffconditionffnotffdisease
-ffcanffbeffduefftoffpneumoniafforffCOPD
-ffhypoxemicfforffhypercapnic
Hypoxemiaff-ffans-✔✔-fflowfflevelsffofffoxygenffwithinfftheffbloodff(O2ffunderff90%)
-ffPaCO2ffoverff60ffmmHg
-ffoftenffduefftoffpneumonia.ffpulmonaryffemboli,ffsmokeffinhalation,fforffheartfffailure
hypercapniaff-ffans-✔✔-ffanffexcessiveffamountffofffCO2ffinfftheffblood
-ffmeasuredffbyffpulseffoximeterffandffarterialffbloodffgassesff
-ffPaCO2ffunderff45ffmmHg
-ffleadfftoffanffacid-baseffimbalance
-ffcauses:fftraumaff(ribfffracture),ffCNSffdepressantffmeds,ffneuromuscularffdiseases
CausesffofffHypoxemiaff-ffans-
✔✔1.ffVentilation:ffnotffenoughffairffenteringffthefflungs.ffInsufficientffbloodffsupply.ff(Asthm
a,ffCOPD)
2.ffShunting:ffBloodffdidffnotffgofftoffthefflungsffforffgasffexchange.ffThisffcanffbeffduefftoffatria
lfforffventricularffseptalffdefects.
3.ffDiffusionfflimitation:ffdecreaseffomffgasffexchangeffduefftoffcapillaryffmembraneffbeingfft
hickenedfforffdestroyed.
4.ffAlveolarffhypoventilation:ffdecreaseffinffventilationffcausingffanffincreaseffinffCO2fflevelsff
duefftoffrestrictivefflungffdisease,ffchestffwallffdysfunction,fforffneuromuscularffdisease.
Respiratoryfffailure:ffairwaysffandffalveoliff-ffans-✔✔-
fffluidffentersffthefflungsffandffinterferesffwithffgasffexchange.ff
-ffbronchospasmsffreduceffairflow
-ffalveoliffdestroyed
-ffviscousffsecretionsffblockingffgasffexhange
Respiratoryfffailure:ffCNSff-ffans-✔✔-ffopioidsfforffCNSffdepressantffmeds
-ffbrainstemffinjury