PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS NEWEST VERSION
A 40-year-old woman has experienced heavy menstrual bleeding. She was told she
has a uterine tumor called a leiomyoma. She is worried she has cancer. What do
you tell her? Explain at least 2 differences between a benign and malignant tumor.
- Answer Leiomyoma is a benign tumor. (Leiomyosarcoma is malignant)
Student can add any of the following: Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. They develop a rim of connective tissue around the tumor called a
fibrous capsule, which aids in surgical removal. Benign tumors are less of a threat
unless they interfere with vital functions
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other
parts of the body, and lack well-defined margins. They can compress blood vessels
and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury. Surgery can be
more difficult if it has spread.
A 62-year-old man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small
cell lung cancer with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer
spreads metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3)
Which screening test would he have benefited from? - Answer (1) Metastasis- a
cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding
extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the
bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin
to grow, and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough,
bone pain. (3) Yearly low-dose chest CT.
, Malignant tumors have which of the following characteristics? Select all that apply.
- Answer variable rate of growth, spreads by metastasis
What are molecular and cellular mechanisms in genes that increase susceptibility
to cancer? Select all that apply. - Answer lack of cellular senescence,
angiogenesis, mutations in growth factor signaling pathways
List 4 of the 7 risk factors linked to cancer as stated in the module. - Answer
Heredity, hormonal factors, obesity, immunologic mechanisms, environmental
agents such as chemicals, radiation, and cancer-causing viruses.
List three characteristics of cancer cells and briefly explain what it means: -
Answer *know definitions of the following, and whether they increase or
decrease with cancer:*
anaplasia, genetic instability, growth factor independence, cell-density-dependent
inhibition, cell cohesion and adhesion, anchorage dependence, cell-to-cell
communication, life span, antigen expression, enzyme/hormone production,
cytoskeletal changes
Which of the following are risk factors for developing cancer? Select all that apply.
- Answer HBV, alcohol, high intake of smoked meats
All of the following viral agents are correctly paired with the associated lesion
except: - Answer know the following pairings:
HPV & genital warts, cervical cancer
EBV & lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS NEWEST VERSION
A 40-year-old woman has experienced heavy menstrual bleeding. She was told she
has a uterine tumor called a leiomyoma. She is worried she has cancer. What do
you tell her? Explain at least 2 differences between a benign and malignant tumor.
- Answer Leiomyoma is a benign tumor. (Leiomyosarcoma is malignant)
Student can add any of the following: Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. They develop a rim of connective tissue around the tumor called a
fibrous capsule, which aids in surgical removal. Benign tumors are less of a threat
unless they interfere with vital functions
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other
parts of the body, and lack well-defined margins. They can compress blood vessels
and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury. Surgery can be
more difficult if it has spread.
A 62-year-old man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small
cell lung cancer with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer
spreads metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3)
Which screening test would he have benefited from? - Answer (1) Metastasis- a
cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding
extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the
bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin
to grow, and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough,
bone pain. (3) Yearly low-dose chest CT.
, Malignant tumors have which of the following characteristics? Select all that apply.
- Answer variable rate of growth, spreads by metastasis
What are molecular and cellular mechanisms in genes that increase susceptibility
to cancer? Select all that apply. - Answer lack of cellular senescence,
angiogenesis, mutations in growth factor signaling pathways
List 4 of the 7 risk factors linked to cancer as stated in the module. - Answer
Heredity, hormonal factors, obesity, immunologic mechanisms, environmental
agents such as chemicals, radiation, and cancer-causing viruses.
List three characteristics of cancer cells and briefly explain what it means: -
Answer *know definitions of the following, and whether they increase or
decrease with cancer:*
anaplasia, genetic instability, growth factor independence, cell-density-dependent
inhibition, cell cohesion and adhesion, anchorage dependence, cell-to-cell
communication, life span, antigen expression, enzyme/hormone production,
cytoskeletal changes
Which of the following are risk factors for developing cancer? Select all that apply.
- Answer HBV, alcohol, high intake of smoked meats
All of the following viral agents are correctly paired with the associated lesion
except: - Answer know the following pairings:
HPV & genital warts, cervical cancer
EBV & lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer
