THE NR 547 WEEK 6 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND WELL DEFINED ANSWERS (VERIED ANSWERS
)|ALREADY GRADED A+
Neurocognitive disorders - DETAILED ANSWER-delirium and dementia
Dementia - DETAILED ANSWER--a group of symptoms that mainly affects
memory, cognition and social interactions, and the ability to do
everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are
usually permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases, most
commonly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and
frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons,
damaging them, and causing them to slowly degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive
dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is
reduced or blocked, again causing them to malfunction or die
,-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks,
Difficulty planning and organizing, Loss of coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes,
Inappropriate behaviour, Paranoia, Fear, anxiety, anger or depression.
Delirium - DETAILED ANSWER-ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN MENTAL
STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or
weeks, although it can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
Delirium symptoms - DETAILED ANSWER--Cognitive Symptoms:
Rambling or nonsense speech, Difficulty reading and writing,
Wandering attention, Becoming easily distracted, Becoming
withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness of
the environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
causes of delirium - DETAILED ANSWER--lack of oxygen
,-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives • opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance infections
tell the difference between delirium and dementia - DETAILED ANSWER-
onset attention do symptoms fluctuate?
Alzheimer's disease - DETAILED ANSWER--type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
Alzheimer's disease brain progression - DETAILED ANSWER-Plaques &
tangles usually start forming and spread from the cortex
• earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
, • as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects
around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread
throughout most of cortex, brain shrinks (atrophy) dramatically
(atrophy primarily affects hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia - DETAILED ANSWER--20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
QUESTIONS AND WELL DEFINED ANSWERS (VERIED ANSWERS
)|ALREADY GRADED A+
Neurocognitive disorders - DETAILED ANSWER-delirium and dementia
Dementia - DETAILED ANSWER--a group of symptoms that mainly affects
memory, cognition and social interactions, and the ability to do
everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are
usually permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases, most
commonly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and
frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons,
damaging them, and causing them to slowly degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive
dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is
reduced or blocked, again causing them to malfunction or die
,-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks,
Difficulty planning and organizing, Loss of coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes,
Inappropriate behaviour, Paranoia, Fear, anxiety, anger or depression.
Delirium - DETAILED ANSWER-ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN MENTAL
STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or
weeks, although it can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
Delirium symptoms - DETAILED ANSWER--Cognitive Symptoms:
Rambling or nonsense speech, Difficulty reading and writing,
Wandering attention, Becoming easily distracted, Becoming
withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness of
the environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
causes of delirium - DETAILED ANSWER--lack of oxygen
,-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives • opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance infections
tell the difference between delirium and dementia - DETAILED ANSWER-
onset attention do symptoms fluctuate?
Alzheimer's disease - DETAILED ANSWER--type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
Alzheimer's disease brain progression - DETAILED ANSWER-Plaques &
tangles usually start forming and spread from the cortex
• earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
, • as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects
around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread
throughout most of cortex, brain shrinks (atrophy) dramatically
(atrophy primarily affects hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia - DETAILED ANSWER--20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
