NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | Already Graded A+
What is nephrolithiasis? - ANSWER ✔✔renal calculi (kidney stones)
How does Renal calculi form? - ANSWER ✔✔formed d/t elevated
levels of minerals in the body
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? - ANSWER
✔✔calcium oxalate (most common),
phosphate
uric acid
,struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis - ANSWER ✔✔stone in the bladder
Ureterolithiasis - ANSWER ✔✔condition of stones in the ureter
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi - ANSWER ✔✔-Male, 20-
50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection),
CKD
Classic Kidney stone presentation - ANSWER ✔✔acute onset of
severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can
cause n/v.
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) - ANSWER
✔✔Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating),
urgency, & frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
Radiation of pain into the groin
,Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Hematuria
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where? - ANSWER
✔✔caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction &
spasm
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region? -
ANSWER ✔✔pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the
stone has passed into the lower third of the ureter
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means
the stone is located where? - ANSWER ✔✔stones in renal pelvis
Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain: -
ANSWER ✔✔Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian or testicular torsion
Appendicitis
3
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a +Blumberg sign. What should
be suspected? - ANSWER ✔✔Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness
in the RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? - ANSWER ✔✔UA
dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal
function.
What radiology methods are preferred for outpatient treatment and why -
ANSWER ✔✔inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more
practical
-KUB xray
-Renal Ultrasound
What stones can be seen on a KUB?
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | Already Graded A+
What is nephrolithiasis? - ANSWER ✔✔renal calculi (kidney stones)
How does Renal calculi form? - ANSWER ✔✔formed d/t elevated
levels of minerals in the body
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? - ANSWER
✔✔calcium oxalate (most common),
phosphate
uric acid
,struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis - ANSWER ✔✔stone in the bladder
Ureterolithiasis - ANSWER ✔✔condition of stones in the ureter
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi - ANSWER ✔✔-Male, 20-
50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection),
CKD
Classic Kidney stone presentation - ANSWER ✔✔acute onset of
severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can
cause n/v.
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) - ANSWER
✔✔Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating),
urgency, & frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
Radiation of pain into the groin
,Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Hematuria
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where? - ANSWER
✔✔caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction &
spasm
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region? -
ANSWER ✔✔pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the
stone has passed into the lower third of the ureter
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means
the stone is located where? - ANSWER ✔✔stones in renal pelvis
Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain: -
ANSWER ✔✔Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian or testicular torsion
Appendicitis
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a +Blumberg sign. What should
be suspected? - ANSWER ✔✔Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness
in the RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? - ANSWER ✔✔UA
dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal
function.
What radiology methods are preferred for outpatient treatment and why -
ANSWER ✔✔inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more
practical
-KUB xray
-Renal Ultrasound
What stones can be seen on a KUB?
