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What is the 1st choice for antihypertensive medication for a Japanese man with
HTN and CKD? - Answer * Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
* If already on ACE in Stage 3 choose Calcium Channel Blocker such as
Amlodipine
If patient fails COPD treatment with LABA, what should you try next? - Answer
LABA + LAMA
Long acting beta agonist + Long acting muscarinic agonist
Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) - Answer * Occurs in C cells and secretes
Calcitonin and Carcinoembryonic Antigen
* Dx with fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule or with surgery to
remove nodule
RET Proto-Oncogene - Answer * Located on chromosome 10
* Genetic mutation seen in all cells of body when MTC is hereditary
* Genetic testing for 1st degree relatives. If they test positive on blood test, thyroid
gland can be removed before MTC develops or at least in early stages.
,Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) - Answer * Dx criteria:
increased HR of 30+ bpm or 120 bpm within 10 min of standing in the absence of
orthostatic hypotension
* In children & adolescents 40+ bpm
* Often dx with tilt test
* Approximately 25% are disabled & cannot work
* Quality of life comparable to dialysis patient
What gene is mutated in color blindness? - Answer OPN1MW on chromosome
23 (x-linked)
Lantus (insulin glargine) - Answer * Long acting
* Given in large doses/may cause localized burning
* To improve glycemic control with Type 1 & Type 2
* Side effects: dizzy, chills, blurred vision, weakness, HA, fainting
Alternatives for Gabapentin to treat neuropathic pain - Answer * Cymbalta
(Duloxetine)
* Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Ginko Biloba and Garlic increase risk of _____________ - Answer serious
bleeding with concomitant use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications
G6PD - Answer * Inherited enzyme deficiency that causes hemolytic anemia
* Body lacks enzyme that is needed to help RBCs work properly
* Tx: remove triggers such as moth balls, fava beans, red wine, all beans,
blueberries, soy products, tonic water, camphor.
, * Severe cases may need fluid replacement, 02 and/or blood transfusion
Treatment for mild reactions to immunoglobulin infusion - Answer * If
infusion is "fast", slow it down
* May try acetaminophen, Benadryl and steroids
* Demerol (Meperidine) for rigors
Ejection Fraction Percentages - Answer * >50% = Normal
* 50-54 = Preserved
* <50% = Reduced
Worst prognosis of all lung cancers - Answer Small Cell
* Survival time if untreated = 8% at 5 years
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLCs) - Answer * Most common
neuroendocrine lung tumor; 15% of all lung CA but 25% of lung CA deaths
* Most tumors start in central part of lung
* Most caused by tobacco smoking
* Rapid growth & metastasize early and widely
Small Cell Carcinoma association with tumor derived hormone production -
Answer * Arise from neuroendocrine cells with neurosecretory granules in
tracheobronchial tree
* Often associated with tumor derived hormone production
* Hormone production important because S/S called Paraneoplastic Syndromes
may be 1st signs of underlying CA. Examples: Hyponatremia (ADH), Cushing's
(Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) Hypocalcemia (Calcitonin), Gynecomastia