CRJS 1003 Final Exam Key Terms || 100% Accurate Answers.
Absolute Discharge correct answers The least severe sanction that can be imposed, resulting in a
finding of guilt but with no conviction registered
Actus Reus correct answers The criminal action or conduct of a person committing an offence
Administration of Justice Offences correct answers Offences that occur because an individual
disobeys a pretrial condition or an imposed sentence, such as failing to attend court or failing to
comply with a probation order. Also known as system-generated offences
Adultery correct answers When a married person has a sexual relationship with a person to
whom they are not married
Age Defence correct answers A defence that considers immaturity and recognizes that youth
under 12 years of age cannot be held criminally responsible; sanctions might also be mitigated
for young defendants
Age-Crime Curve correct answers Involvement in crime increases during early adolescence,
peaks during the teenage years and early adulthood, and then decreases throughout adulthood
(some social scientists call this "aging out" of crime)
Aggravating Factors correct answers Facts related to the offence that might lead to a more severe
sentence, including if the offence involved a particularly vulnerable victim such as a child or if
the crime was related to bias, prejudice, or hate
Alibis correct answers Witnesses or other forms of evidence that show that the defendant could
not have committed the offence
Alternative Measures Programs correct answers Programs that divert individuals involved in
minor crimes, such as property offences, from the formal justice system and usually require the
,individual to participate in community service work, make restitution to victims, attend
counselling, or make an apology to the victim
Antisocial Behaviour correct answers Conduct that can be disruptive and reduce our quality of
life, but might not be considered a criminal act
Assault correct answers A crime of violence that can range from a relatively minor act (level 1,
also called common assaults) to a serious crime resulting in severe bodily harm (level 3)
Assembly-Line Justice correct answers An approach to justice where a priority is placed on
quickly processing minor matters in criminal courts with the assumption that most defendants are
guilty
Automatism correct answers An involuntary act where an individual is in a state of impaired
consciousness and lacks the intent to commit a crime
Aviation Units correct answers Officers who use fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters for traffic
enforcement (including vehicle pursuits), transporting prisoners, and providing information to
officers on the ground
Bail Supervision correct answers Allows a youth accused of a crime to remain in the community
even though there may be a lack of specialized mental health or child welfare services that they
require
Battered Woman Syndrome correct answers A defence that has been used by some victims of
domestic violence who argued they had no way of escaping their victimization and had no other
choice but to attack their abuser
"Big House" Prisons correct answers A style of high-security prisons that emerged in the 1800s
and featured large stone buildings surrounded by high stone fences
, Blaming the Victim correct answers Occurs when the victim is held responsible for being harmed
(instead of or in addition to holding the offender responsible)
Breach of Probation correct answers A violation of an offender's conditions of probation, such as
using drugs or alcohol when it is forbidden, or violating a curfew
Break and Enter correct answers When an individual breaks into a residence or business, usually
with the intent to steal items.
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics correct answers An organization operated by Statistics
Canada that produces reports on crime, offenders, victims, and the operations of the justice
system. (CCJS)
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms correct answers The part of the Constitution that
defines the rights and freedoms of Canadians, including those accused of committing crimes.
Canadian Police Information Centre correct answers A database that can be accessed by law
enforcement personnel that reports the criminal histories of Canadians
Canine Officers correct answers Officers who are partnered with dogs to engage in patrol
activities, detect drugs or explosives, and track suspects or escaped prisoners
Carding correct answers A controversial police practice where information is collected about
persons who are stopped and questioned
Cascading correct answers A term used by the Correctional Service of Canada to refer to an
offender's movement to lower levels of supervision, such as from medium to minimum security
facilities
Case Plan correct answers The "roadmap" for an individual's rehabilitation that is developed by
the offender and the caseworker
Absolute Discharge correct answers The least severe sanction that can be imposed, resulting in a
finding of guilt but with no conviction registered
Actus Reus correct answers The criminal action or conduct of a person committing an offence
Administration of Justice Offences correct answers Offences that occur because an individual
disobeys a pretrial condition or an imposed sentence, such as failing to attend court or failing to
comply with a probation order. Also known as system-generated offences
Adultery correct answers When a married person has a sexual relationship with a person to
whom they are not married
Age Defence correct answers A defence that considers immaturity and recognizes that youth
under 12 years of age cannot be held criminally responsible; sanctions might also be mitigated
for young defendants
Age-Crime Curve correct answers Involvement in crime increases during early adolescence,
peaks during the teenage years and early adulthood, and then decreases throughout adulthood
(some social scientists call this "aging out" of crime)
Aggravating Factors correct answers Facts related to the offence that might lead to a more severe
sentence, including if the offence involved a particularly vulnerable victim such as a child or if
the crime was related to bias, prejudice, or hate
Alibis correct answers Witnesses or other forms of evidence that show that the defendant could
not have committed the offence
Alternative Measures Programs correct answers Programs that divert individuals involved in
minor crimes, such as property offences, from the formal justice system and usually require the
,individual to participate in community service work, make restitution to victims, attend
counselling, or make an apology to the victim
Antisocial Behaviour correct answers Conduct that can be disruptive and reduce our quality of
life, but might not be considered a criminal act
Assault correct answers A crime of violence that can range from a relatively minor act (level 1,
also called common assaults) to a serious crime resulting in severe bodily harm (level 3)
Assembly-Line Justice correct answers An approach to justice where a priority is placed on
quickly processing minor matters in criminal courts with the assumption that most defendants are
guilty
Automatism correct answers An involuntary act where an individual is in a state of impaired
consciousness and lacks the intent to commit a crime
Aviation Units correct answers Officers who use fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters for traffic
enforcement (including vehicle pursuits), transporting prisoners, and providing information to
officers on the ground
Bail Supervision correct answers Allows a youth accused of a crime to remain in the community
even though there may be a lack of specialized mental health or child welfare services that they
require
Battered Woman Syndrome correct answers A defence that has been used by some victims of
domestic violence who argued they had no way of escaping their victimization and had no other
choice but to attack their abuser
"Big House" Prisons correct answers A style of high-security prisons that emerged in the 1800s
and featured large stone buildings surrounded by high stone fences
, Blaming the Victim correct answers Occurs when the victim is held responsible for being harmed
(instead of or in addition to holding the offender responsible)
Breach of Probation correct answers A violation of an offender's conditions of probation, such as
using drugs or alcohol when it is forbidden, or violating a curfew
Break and Enter correct answers When an individual breaks into a residence or business, usually
with the intent to steal items.
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics correct answers An organization operated by Statistics
Canada that produces reports on crime, offenders, victims, and the operations of the justice
system. (CCJS)
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms correct answers The part of the Constitution that
defines the rights and freedoms of Canadians, including those accused of committing crimes.
Canadian Police Information Centre correct answers A database that can be accessed by law
enforcement personnel that reports the criminal histories of Canadians
Canine Officers correct answers Officers who are partnered with dogs to engage in patrol
activities, detect drugs or explosives, and track suspects or escaped prisoners
Carding correct answers A controversial police practice where information is collected about
persons who are stopped and questioned
Cascading correct answers A term used by the Correctional Service of Canada to refer to an
offender's movement to lower levels of supervision, such as from medium to minimum security
facilities
Case Plan correct answers The "roadmap" for an individual's rehabilitation that is developed by
the offender and the caseworker
