CLINICAL SCIENCE & PRACTICE EXAM 1 ACTUAL SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

CLINICAL SCIENCE & PRACTICE EXAM 1
ACTUAL SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

◉ Phase II Clinical Trial.
Answer: - several hundred of diseased patients
- single-arm, comparative, or selection studies
- "does it work in condition of interest?"


◉ Phase III Clinical Trial.
Answer: - thousands of diseased patients
- large randomized, controlled trials
- compared with standard of care for condition


◉ Phase IV Clinical Trial.
Answer: - post-marketing approval
- evaluates rates of serious side effect


◉ clinical endpoints.
Answer: significant clinical events related to a person's feelings,
function, or survival; can be predicted using surrogate endpoints

,- heart attack
- stroke
- hip fracture
- seizure


◉ surrogate endpoints.
Answer: do not have clinical benefit on their own; used to measure
for predicting clinical endpoints
- BP
- cholesterol level
- bone density


◉ independent/predictor variables.
Answer: the treatments that subjects would be assigned to, and
response will be measured to these variables


◉ one-way hypothesis.
Answer: directional
- "increased/decreased"
- "larger/smaller"
- "greater/lesser"

, ◉ two-way hypothesis.
Answer: does not specify direction
- "different amount"
- "differing results"


◉ null hypothesis (H0).
Answer: no association exists between predictor and the outcome
variable


◉ Type I Statistical Error.
Answer: false positive


◉ Type II Statistical Error.
Answer: false negative


◉ α.
Answer: probability that you will make a Type I Statistical Error


◉ β.
Answer: probability that you will make a Type II Statistical Error


◉ power.