,Ivy Tech APHY 101 Final Exam – Anatomy and
Physiology I (2026) Q&A | Nursing Exam
1. The study of structure and the relationships between structures is called:
A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Histology
D) Pathology
Correct Answer: Anatomy
Rationale: Anatomy focuses on the form and organization of body parts,
including their shapes, locations, and relationships to one another. Physiology
examines how those structures function. Histology is the study of tissues, and
pathology is the study of disease.
2. Which term refers to the body's maintenance of a stable internal
environment?
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Adaptation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Homeostasis
,Rationale: Homeostasis is the dynamic equilibrium that maintains internal
conditions within narrow limits despite external changes. Metabolism
encompasses all chemical reactions; adaptation is a long-term adjustment;
differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized.
3. The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element is
a(n):
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Atom
D) Molecule
Correct Answer: Atom
Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its unique
properties. Protons and neutrons are subatomic particles, while a molecule is
formed by atoms bonded together.
4. What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Covalent bond
Correct Answer: Covalent bond
, Rationale: Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of
electrons, creating a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces. Ionic
bonds involve electron transfer, hydrogen bonds are weak attractions, and
peptide bonds link amino acids.
5. A substance that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H⁺) and an anion is a(n):
A) Acid
B) Base
C) Salt
D) Buffer
Correct Answer: Acid
Rationale: An acid releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases accept
H⁺ ions; salts are ionic compounds formed from acid-base reactions; buffers
resist pH changes.
6. The framework of the cell membrane is best described as a:
A) Protein scaffold
B) Lipid bilayer
C) Carbohydrate layer
D) Nucleic acid lattice
Correct Answer: Lipid bilayer
Physiology I (2026) Q&A | Nursing Exam
1. The study of structure and the relationships between structures is called:
A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Histology
D) Pathology
Correct Answer: Anatomy
Rationale: Anatomy focuses on the form and organization of body parts,
including their shapes, locations, and relationships to one another. Physiology
examines how those structures function. Histology is the study of tissues, and
pathology is the study of disease.
2. Which term refers to the body's maintenance of a stable internal
environment?
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Adaptation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Homeostasis
,Rationale: Homeostasis is the dynamic equilibrium that maintains internal
conditions within narrow limits despite external changes. Metabolism
encompasses all chemical reactions; adaptation is a long-term adjustment;
differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized.
3. The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element is
a(n):
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Atom
D) Molecule
Correct Answer: Atom
Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its unique
properties. Protons and neutrons are subatomic particles, while a molecule is
formed by atoms bonded together.
4. What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Covalent bond
Correct Answer: Covalent bond
, Rationale: Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of
electrons, creating a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces. Ionic
bonds involve electron transfer, hydrogen bonds are weak attractions, and
peptide bonds link amino acids.
5. A substance that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H⁺) and an anion is a(n):
A) Acid
B) Base
C) Salt
D) Buffer
Correct Answer: Acid
Rationale: An acid releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases accept
H⁺ ions; salts are ionic compounds formed from acid-base reactions; buffers
resist pH changes.
6. The framework of the cell membrane is best described as a:
A) Protein scaffold
B) Lipid bilayer
C) Carbohydrate layer
D) Nucleic acid lattice
Correct Answer: Lipid bilayer
