NSG 511: Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers
ovaries and estrogen/progesterone pathway
- hypothalamus > GnRH > anterior pituitary > FSH/LSH > ovaries
- ovaries/follicles > Estrogen > uterus
- ovaries/corpus luteum > Progesterone/Estrogen > Uterus
- hormones are in bold
testes and testosterone pathway
- hypothalamus > GnRH > anterior pituitary > FSH/LSH > testes/seminiferous
tubules/interstitial cells
- testes/interstitial cells > testosterone
- hormones are in bold
ovaries/estrogen feedback loops
positive:
- GnRH stimulates pituitary
- FSH/LH stimulates ovaries
- estrogen inhibits hypothalamus and pituitary
female reproductive cycle if not pregnant
- corpus luteum breaks down
- progesterone drops
- menstruation begins
- hypothal. releases GnRH; stimulates pituitary
,- pituitary releases FSH and LH; stimulates ovaries
- ovaries release estrogen; stimulates ovulation
- uterine lining builds
- progesterone increases
- chance for pregnancy
female reproductive cycle if pregnant
- egg is fertilized
- zygote forms
- HCG stimulates corpus luteum to release progesterone
- uterine lining is maintained
reproductive phases of ovaries
follicular phase:
- follicle matures and ovum develops
- ovulation occurs on day 14
luteal phase:
- released ovum matures into corpus luteum
reproductive phases of endometrium
- day 1-5; menses
- day 5-13; endometrium proliferates (proliferative phase)
- day 14 - 28; secretory phase
reproductive phases of ovarian hormones
,estrogen:
- initially low
- increases until ovulation (day 14)
- another smaller peak around day 25 as progesterone levels begin to decline
progesterone:
- begins to increase just before ovulation
- peaks around day 21
- drops off quickly
reproductive phases of pituitary gonadotropins
FSH:
- low, plateau
- small spike at day 14
LH:
- low(er), plateau
- large spike at day 14
effect of ovarian estrogen on the follicle and endometrium.
follicle:
- estrogen peaks as ovulation occurs
endometrium:
- Proliferation of uterine epithelium
- endocervical mucus production
, State the physiologic effects of estrogen
- Sexual maturity: Female secondary sex characteristics
- Reproductive cycle: Follicular and luteal phases - Proliferation of uterine epithelium and
endocervical mucus production (among others)
- Bones: Block the actions of osteoclasts.
- Cholesterol: Favors HDL and nitric oxide - considered cardioprotective
- Coagulation: Complex, but clinically estrogen considered thrombogenic.
State the physiologic effects of progesterone.
- Reproductive cycle: Luteal phase - secretory phase and hypertrophy of the endometrium in
preparation for implantation of zygote.
- If no pregnancy, corpus luteum breaks down, progesterone declines, and endometrium
sheds (menstruation).
pharmacological uses of estrogen and progesterone
- Contraception
- Menopausal hormone therapy
- Gender affirmation and transgender health
- Cisgender: Male and female hypogonadism (deficient sex hormones)
what hormone is used in the implant rod (Nexplanon) and what is its general
effectiveness?
- progesterone
- "works really well"
- < 1:100 women become pregnant
what hormone is used in intrauterine device and what is its general effectiveness?
ovaries and estrogen/progesterone pathway
- hypothalamus > GnRH > anterior pituitary > FSH/LSH > ovaries
- ovaries/follicles > Estrogen > uterus
- ovaries/corpus luteum > Progesterone/Estrogen > Uterus
- hormones are in bold
testes and testosterone pathway
- hypothalamus > GnRH > anterior pituitary > FSH/LSH > testes/seminiferous
tubules/interstitial cells
- testes/interstitial cells > testosterone
- hormones are in bold
ovaries/estrogen feedback loops
positive:
- GnRH stimulates pituitary
- FSH/LH stimulates ovaries
- estrogen inhibits hypothalamus and pituitary
female reproductive cycle if not pregnant
- corpus luteum breaks down
- progesterone drops
- menstruation begins
- hypothal. releases GnRH; stimulates pituitary
,- pituitary releases FSH and LH; stimulates ovaries
- ovaries release estrogen; stimulates ovulation
- uterine lining builds
- progesterone increases
- chance for pregnancy
female reproductive cycle if pregnant
- egg is fertilized
- zygote forms
- HCG stimulates corpus luteum to release progesterone
- uterine lining is maintained
reproductive phases of ovaries
follicular phase:
- follicle matures and ovum develops
- ovulation occurs on day 14
luteal phase:
- released ovum matures into corpus luteum
reproductive phases of endometrium
- day 1-5; menses
- day 5-13; endometrium proliferates (proliferative phase)
- day 14 - 28; secretory phase
reproductive phases of ovarian hormones
,estrogen:
- initially low
- increases until ovulation (day 14)
- another smaller peak around day 25 as progesterone levels begin to decline
progesterone:
- begins to increase just before ovulation
- peaks around day 21
- drops off quickly
reproductive phases of pituitary gonadotropins
FSH:
- low, plateau
- small spike at day 14
LH:
- low(er), plateau
- large spike at day 14
effect of ovarian estrogen on the follicle and endometrium.
follicle:
- estrogen peaks as ovulation occurs
endometrium:
- Proliferation of uterine epithelium
- endocervical mucus production
, State the physiologic effects of estrogen
- Sexual maturity: Female secondary sex characteristics
- Reproductive cycle: Follicular and luteal phases - Proliferation of uterine epithelium and
endocervical mucus production (among others)
- Bones: Block the actions of osteoclasts.
- Cholesterol: Favors HDL and nitric oxide - considered cardioprotective
- Coagulation: Complex, but clinically estrogen considered thrombogenic.
State the physiologic effects of progesterone.
- Reproductive cycle: Luteal phase - secretory phase and hypertrophy of the endometrium in
preparation for implantation of zygote.
- If no pregnancy, corpus luteum breaks down, progesterone declines, and endometrium
sheds (menstruation).
pharmacological uses of estrogen and progesterone
- Contraception
- Menopausal hormone therapy
- Gender affirmation and transgender health
- Cisgender: Male and female hypogonadism (deficient sex hormones)
what hormone is used in the implant rod (Nexplanon) and what is its general
effectiveness?
- progesterone
- "works really well"
- < 1:100 women become pregnant
what hormone is used in intrauterine device and what is its general effectiveness?
