Food/Herb Drug Interaction
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Ex. grapefruit and drug since grapefruit lowers drug-metabolizing enzyme
3. Normal Flora
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-Stable set of microbes that live inside us all the time.
*Killing them can lead to superinfection.
Azathioprine
,Give this one a try later!
Immunosuppressive Drug
Prodrug-Needs to be converted into 6-mercaptopurine-then inhibits DNA
synthesis
USE=ORGAN TRANSPLANT, *not bone marrow transplant though!
Penicillin G
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Natural Penicillins-Narrow spectrum only against gram-positive.
Two Characteristics of Cancer Cells
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1. Neoplasm-Cancer cells continuously reproduce
2. Metastasis-Cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and invade the rest
of the body
Ciprofloxacin
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Bacteriostatic at low doses
Bactericidal at high doses
Broad spectrum
Mechanism=Bind to bacterial type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV) to cause inhibition of DNA replication and the
, generation of double-strand breaks
*most frequently prescribed antibiotic
Regulation of Acid Secretion
Give this one a try later!
Caused by parietal pump (H+ ATPase pump)
Positive Regulators:
-Gastrin-stomach hormone
-Histamine-Paracrine
-Muscarinic Acetylcholine-Neurotransmitter
Negative regulator-Prostagladins
HAART
Give this one a try later!
(High Activity Anti-Retroviral Therapy)-Given cocktail of 3-4 different drugs.
1. To prevent development of drug resistance
2. Effective in reducing HIV plasma concentrations, but doesn't eliminate
proviral DNA. (Cure to AIDS, not HIV infection)
Respiratory Stimulants (Analeptics)
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-Emergency situations only
-Not for COPD
, -Ex. Doxapram
1. Human Pathogens
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-Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
-Eukaryotes (Fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms)
-Non-cellular (Viruses and prions)
Pigmentation in Addison's Disease (Hypo-Corticoitism)
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-Symptoms=Fatigue and weakness, weight loss, increased pigmentation of
the skin
-Adrenal insufficiency
Penicillins
Give this one a try later!
-Structure=Beta-lactams
-Mechanism=Interfere with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting bacterial
transpeptidase
Resistance=Beta-lactamase
Give this one a try later!
Ex. grapefruit and drug since grapefruit lowers drug-metabolizing enzyme
3. Normal Flora
Give this one a try later!
-Stable set of microbes that live inside us all the time.
*Killing them can lead to superinfection.
Azathioprine
,Give this one a try later!
Immunosuppressive Drug
Prodrug-Needs to be converted into 6-mercaptopurine-then inhibits DNA
synthesis
USE=ORGAN TRANSPLANT, *not bone marrow transplant though!
Penicillin G
Give this one a try later!
Natural Penicillins-Narrow spectrum only against gram-positive.
Two Characteristics of Cancer Cells
Give this one a try later!
1. Neoplasm-Cancer cells continuously reproduce
2. Metastasis-Cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and invade the rest
of the body
Ciprofloxacin
Give this one a try later!
Bacteriostatic at low doses
Bactericidal at high doses
Broad spectrum
Mechanism=Bind to bacterial type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV) to cause inhibition of DNA replication and the
, generation of double-strand breaks
*most frequently prescribed antibiotic
Regulation of Acid Secretion
Give this one a try later!
Caused by parietal pump (H+ ATPase pump)
Positive Regulators:
-Gastrin-stomach hormone
-Histamine-Paracrine
-Muscarinic Acetylcholine-Neurotransmitter
Negative regulator-Prostagladins
HAART
Give this one a try later!
(High Activity Anti-Retroviral Therapy)-Given cocktail of 3-4 different drugs.
1. To prevent development of drug resistance
2. Effective in reducing HIV plasma concentrations, but doesn't eliminate
proviral DNA. (Cure to AIDS, not HIV infection)
Respiratory Stimulants (Analeptics)
Give this one a try later!
-Emergency situations only
-Not for COPD
, -Ex. Doxapram
1. Human Pathogens
Give this one a try later!
-Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
-Eukaryotes (Fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms)
-Non-cellular (Viruses and prions)
Pigmentation in Addison's Disease (Hypo-Corticoitism)
Give this one a try later!
-Symptoms=Fatigue and weakness, weight loss, increased pigmentation of
the skin
-Adrenal insufficiency
Penicillins
Give this one a try later!
-Structure=Beta-lactams
-Mechanism=Interfere with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting bacterial
transpeptidase
Resistance=Beta-lactamase
