Page 1 of 37
Renal and Urinary Tract Pathophysiology.
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Johns Hopkins University
HIGH YIELDS QUESTIONS
NEWEST MODEL 2026 EXAM LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Exam
, Page 2 of 37
Modules 7&9 Final Exam
How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia?
Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Insulin binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
Insulin stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for
potassium.
Insulin breaks down the chemical components of potassium so that it is no
longer effective.
Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign indicate:
hypercalcemia.
hypocalcemia.
hypokalemia.
hyperkalemia.
hypocalcemia.
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions. Terms will not be
used more than once.
Sodium:
Chloride:
Potassium:
Regulation of osmolarity Na+
Inversely related to HCO3 concentration Cl-
Major determinant of resting membrane potential K+
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
Osmotic forces
Antidiuretic hormone
Plasma oncotic pressure
Buffer systems
Osmotic forces
1. Which are causes of hypocalcemia?
, Page 3 of 37
Hyperparathyroidism and bone metastasis
Repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
Kidney stones and immobility
Decreased resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone
Repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
How does SIADH cause excess water?
The decrease in antidiuretic hormone increases serum glucose, which binds to
water.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water in the renal
tubules.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of sodium that retains
excessive water in the renal tubules.
The decrease in antidiuretic hormone prevents the renal tubules from
reabsorbing water.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water in the renal tubules.
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse
expect? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
Nausea
Weight loss
Weakness
Muscle twitching
Confusion
Nausea
Weakness
Muscle twitching
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in
the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which
electrolyte?
Potassium
Sodium
, Page 4 of 37
Magnesium
Oxygen
Potassium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____
excitability of cardiac muscle.
Increase; increased
Decrease; decreased
Decrease; increased
Increase; decreased
Increase; increased
When thirst is experienced, how are osmoreceptors activated?
By an increase in the antidiuretic hormone secreted into the plasma
By an increase in aldosterone secreted into the plasma
By an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the plasma
By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma
By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma
Which are indications of dehydration?
Muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes
Tachycardia and weight loss
Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Polyuria and hyperventilation
Tachycardia and weight loss
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in
which of the following fluid compartments?
Renal and Urinary Tract Pathophysiology.
Download now
Johns Hopkins University
HIGH YIELDS QUESTIONS
NEWEST MODEL 2026 EXAM LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Exam
, Page 2 of 37
Modules 7&9 Final Exam
How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia?
Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Insulin binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
Insulin stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for
potassium.
Insulin breaks down the chemical components of potassium so that it is no
longer effective.
Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign indicate:
hypercalcemia.
hypocalcemia.
hypokalemia.
hyperkalemia.
hypocalcemia.
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions. Terms will not be
used more than once.
Sodium:
Chloride:
Potassium:
Regulation of osmolarity Na+
Inversely related to HCO3 concentration Cl-
Major determinant of resting membrane potential K+
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
Osmotic forces
Antidiuretic hormone
Plasma oncotic pressure
Buffer systems
Osmotic forces
1. Which are causes of hypocalcemia?
, Page 3 of 37
Hyperparathyroidism and bone metastasis
Repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
Kidney stones and immobility
Decreased resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone
Repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
How does SIADH cause excess water?
The decrease in antidiuretic hormone increases serum glucose, which binds to
water.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water in the renal
tubules.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of sodium that retains
excessive water in the renal tubules.
The decrease in antidiuretic hormone prevents the renal tubules from
reabsorbing water.
The increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water in the renal tubules.
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse
expect? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
Nausea
Weight loss
Weakness
Muscle twitching
Confusion
Nausea
Weakness
Muscle twitching
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in
the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which
electrolyte?
Potassium
Sodium
, Page 4 of 37
Magnesium
Oxygen
Potassium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____
excitability of cardiac muscle.
Increase; increased
Decrease; decreased
Decrease; increased
Increase; decreased
Increase; increased
When thirst is experienced, how are osmoreceptors activated?
By an increase in the antidiuretic hormone secreted into the plasma
By an increase in aldosterone secreted into the plasma
By an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the plasma
By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma
By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma
Which are indications of dehydration?
Muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes
Tachycardia and weight loss
Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Polyuria and hyperventilation
Tachycardia and weight loss
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in
which of the following fluid compartments?
