KNES 451 Actual Exam Questions And Answers Pass At First Attempt

effect of drugs on the body and the effect of the body on the drug - correct answers pharmacology rate at which drug begins to take effect - correct answers pharmacokinetics study of the mechanism of the drug - correct answers pharmacodynamics a chemical that has been demonstrated to be effective for treating or preventing a disease - correct answers drug another word for trade name? - correct answers proprietary name brand name? - correct answers proprietary name Non prescription drugs also called? - correct answers OTC drug problem w/ scheduled drugs? - correct answers abuse potential/ addiction what are the three classifications of drugs? - correct answers solids liquids gases chemical structure - correct answers similar molecule structures.... legal classification of drugs? - correct answers non-prescription drugs prescription drugs scheduled drugs mechanism of action or specific effect - correct answers pharmaceutical action what is the process for a drug development? - correct answers pre clinical trial - takes about 3-6 years how long is a pre clinical trial? - correct answers around 3-6 yrs Phase I? - correct answers 100 healthy humans for 1-2 years Phase II? - correct answers 100-200 targeted patients for 2-3 years Phase III? - correct answers targeted patients for 3-4 yrs FDA Review? - correct answers NDA or rejection Phase IV? - correct answers continued drug monitoring specific effect? - correct answers ... how long do patents last for? - correct answers 20 years how long is the FDA process? - correct answers 8.5 yrs so how long is a drug protected by the patent? - correct answers 11.5 yrs bioequivalence? - correct answers amount of one drug in the rate of the drug of entering the blood stream is approx. the same in comp. w/ another drug. Beta-blockers - correct answers used to treat hypertension/ heart diseases proton pump inhibitors - correct answers used to treat GI disorders B-adrenergic agonists - correct answers treat asthma OTC drugs also referred as? - correct answers Nonprescription drugs what are analgesics? - correct answers NSAIDs opioids antibiotics - correct answers penicillins cephalosporins tetracylines antihypertensives - correct answers beta blockers diuretic (reduce BP) ACE inhibitors Anti-inflammatory - correct answers NSAIDS corticosteroids Asthma drugs - correct answers Beta agnosists Corticosteroids Leukotriene modifiers Review - correct answers ... pharmacology - correct answers study of how drugs affect the body and how the body affects the drugs. trade name / brand name is owned by ? - correct answers pharmaceutical company generic name is ..? - correct answers not owned by anyone Chapter 2 - correct answers ... for a drug to have an effect, it must reach its? - correct answers site of action molecular site where a drug has a significant chemical interaction to produce a biological effect? - correct answers site of action the time it takes for the concentration of drug molecules at the site of action to become large enough to cause a noticeable biological response? - correct answers onset of action keyword - cause a noticeable biological response! duration of action? - correct answers time between onset and termination of action and represents the length of time the drug produces its effect. the time required for the amount of drug in the blood to be reduced by one half? - correct answers half life metabolism responsible to clear a drug? - correct answers metabolism/ excretion measure of the efficiency of the mechanism? - correct answers clearance rate to be effective, a drug must reach the? - correct answers systemic circulation two components to bioavailability? - correct answers amount of drug absorbed rate of absorption major organ for drug metabolism? - correct answers liver first pass effect? - correct answers drug passing through the liver first bioequivalence? - correct answers refers to a comparison of the amount and rate of drug entering the general circulation for 2 or more similar formulations of the same drug. apparent space in the body that is available to the drug - correct answers volume of distribution as the volume of distribution increases, the dose needed to get a sufficient effect also needs to? - correct answers increase what is the plasma protein w/ the highest volume of distribution? - correct answers albumin study of the effect of the body on drugs - correct answers pharmacokinetics what determines how fast the drug is cleared by the blood - correct answers the clearance rate if the drug reaches the site of action, it will produce? - correct answers a biological response what organ usually metabolizes a drug? - correct answers liver first pass effect - correct answers GI tract to liver the more body fluids and tissues the drug distributes into, the ... - correct answers lower the concentration that will exist at the site of action a drugs chemical structure determines its - correct answers characteristic - effect. chemical structure will determine - correct answers chemical binding force. chemical structure determines? - correct answers biological effect - processes of biological effect? - correct answers absorption, excretion, metabolism = pharmacokinetics drugs that are lipid soluble cross membrane (slower or faster?) - correct answers faster water soluble cross membrane? - correct answers slower water soluble ? - correct answers hydrophilic - water loving lipid soluble - correct answers hydrophobic - water fearing what plays a huge role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics? - correct answers water soluble vs. lipid soluble the more water soluble the drug, the more readily it will dissolve in the...? - correct answers GI tract the more lipid soluble the drug, - correct answers the faster the drug will move from the GI tract into the blood. drugs that are lipid soluble will penetrate what faster? - correct answers CNS drugs that are water soluble will do what? - correct answers will be excreted by kidneys faster what will cross membranes faster - correct answers drugs that are lipid soluble what does a drug needs to do so it can produce the effect - correct answers reach site of action the greater the lipid solubility, the greater? - correct answers the diffusion rate the greater the water solubility, the slower the - correct answers diffusion rate drug moves from a level of higher concentration to a level of lower concentration? - correct answers concentration gradient of drug 3 main mechanisms for transport of drugs? - correct answers passive diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion drug penetrating through the membrane due to solubility of the drug in the membrane - correct answers passive diffusion what transport mechanism has the greatest impact on pharmacokinetics? - correct answers passive diffusion higher concentration to area - correct answers of lower concentration active transport? - correct answers ability to move the compound against a concentration gradient...from lower to higher! facilitated diffusion - correct answers combines passive transport and active transport does not use energy high to low concentration must be present summary - correct answers drugs must cross membranes to reach site of action main mechanisms are ? - passive diffusion: from high to low concentration - active diffusion: from low to high - facilitated diffusion: combines active and passive active transport requires? - correct answers a protein carrier predominant transport mechanism? - correct answers passive diffusion most common route to take a drug? - correct answers oral oral - correct answers cheapest most convenient safest route drug can be retrieved by vomiting compressing the powders into desired shape - correct answers tablets 2 piece gelatin containers - correct answers capsules sweetened and flavored aqueous solutions containing one or more drug? - correct answers syrups suspensions? - correct answers liquids consisting of a 2 phase system site of biological effect - correct answers site of action many drugs bind to plasma protein circulating in blood - correct answers protein binding chemical structure determines - correct answers biological effect water vs lipid solubility - correct answers drug solubility 3 types of membrane crossing - correct answers passive diffusion active diffusion facilitated diffusion sublingual and buccals - correct answers placed under the tongue or against cheek tablet = triturates rich supply of blood vessels are under the tongue which facilitates the absorption of the drug into the blood stream e.g. nitrogycerin peak 3-5 min protect drug from first pass effect Rectals - correct answers advantage: for patients who are unconscious, vomit or are too young absorbed into the bloodstream by hemorrhoidal veins Parenteral - correct answers intravenous intramuscular subcutaneous advantage: - most rapid therapeutic response - for people who are unwilling or unable to take drugs orally - movement of the drug throughout the body - correct answers distribution low blood flow = ? - correct answers low effect on site of action drug distribution - correct answers movement of drug into body fluids, tissues, attachments to albumin blood brain barrier - correct answers unique memb