Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review 2026 |
Verified Q&A | Graded A+
1. If a patient presents with an epidermal hematoma after a head injury, what
immediate nursing intervention should be prioritized to prevent
complications?
Monitor neurological status closely for signs of increased
intracranial pressure.
Administer pain medication to manage discomfort.
Perform a full physical assessment for other injuries.
Encourage the patient to rest and avoid movement.
2. Describe the significance of B lymphocytes in the immune system and why
their deficiency increases susceptibility to certain infections.
B lymphocytes are crucial for producing antibodies that fight
bacterial infections, so their deficiency leads to increased
vulnerability to these infections.
B lymphocytes primarily protect against fungal infections by
producing specific enzymes.
B lymphocytes help in the production of T cells, which are essential for
fighting viral infections.
B lymphocytes are responsible for the production of cytokines that
regulate immune responses.
3. Which base does guanine pair with in the DNA helix?
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
, Thymine
4. Describe how systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects the immune system
and leads to its common symptoms.
SLE only affects the skin, causing rashes.
SLE enhances the immune response, preventing infections.
SLE is a bacterial infection that causes fever.
SLE causes the immune system to attack healthy tissues, leading to
symptoms like joint pain and fatigue.
5. Describe how adaptive cellular mechanisms contribute to cellular health
during stress conditions.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms only occur during the immune
response.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms are unrelated to cellular health.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms enable cells to adjust their functions
to survive and thrive under stress, thus preserving overall cellular
health.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms are solely responsible for cell division.
6. What are the agents that cause chromosome breaks specifically called
Clastogens
Mutagens
Nanogens
Teratogens
,7. If a mutation occurs that causes guanine to pair with adenine instead of
cytosine, what potential effect could this have on protein synthesis?
It would have no effect on protein synthesis.
It would enhance the protein's function.
It would only affect RNA synthesis.
It could lead to the production of a malfunctioning protein.
8. If a patient with a spinal cord tumor presents with irritative syndrome, what
would be a critical nursing consideration during assessment?
Assessing for respiratory distress.
Monitoring for changes in neurological function.
Checking for signs of infection.
Evaluating the patient's nutritional intake.
9. Describe the role of the skin in the body's innate immune response.
The skin releases cytokines to signal immune responses.
The skin helps in the production of white blood cells.
The skin produces antibodies to fight infections.
The skin acts as a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from
entering the body.
10. What is the role of cell adhesions in the process of metastasis?
Cell adhesions only affect primary tumors.
Cell adhesions must be decreased for metastasis to occur.
Cell adhesions must be increased for metastasis to occur.
, Cell adhesions have no effect on metastasis.
11. Describe the impact of chronic alcohol injury on the liver and its functions.
Chronic alcohol injury has no significant effect on liver function.
Chronic alcohol injury enhances liver function and increases protein
synthesis.
Chronic alcohol injury leads to liver damage, impairing its ability to
detoxify substances and produce essential proteins.
Chronic alcohol injury primarily affects the heart's ability to pump
blood.
12. Describe the significance of the location of bleeding in an epidermal
hematoma and its potential impact on brain function.
Bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater,
which has minimal impact on brain function.
Bleeding occurs within the brain tissue, leading to direct neuronal
damage.
Bleeding occurs between the skull and the dura mater, which can
increase intracranial pressure and compress brain tissue.
Bleeding occurs in the subarachnoid space, causing immediate loss
of consciousness.
13. Describe why women of childbearing age are the primary target population
for education about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Women of childbearing age are more likely to develop SLE due to
hormonal factors and genetic predisposition.
Men are more frequently diagnosed with SLE, thus requiring
education tailored to them.
Verified Q&A | Graded A+
1. If a patient presents with an epidermal hematoma after a head injury, what
immediate nursing intervention should be prioritized to prevent
complications?
Monitor neurological status closely for signs of increased
intracranial pressure.
Administer pain medication to manage discomfort.
Perform a full physical assessment for other injuries.
Encourage the patient to rest and avoid movement.
2. Describe the significance of B lymphocytes in the immune system and why
their deficiency increases susceptibility to certain infections.
B lymphocytes are crucial for producing antibodies that fight
bacterial infections, so their deficiency leads to increased
vulnerability to these infections.
B lymphocytes primarily protect against fungal infections by
producing specific enzymes.
B lymphocytes help in the production of T cells, which are essential for
fighting viral infections.
B lymphocytes are responsible for the production of cytokines that
regulate immune responses.
3. Which base does guanine pair with in the DNA helix?
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
, Thymine
4. Describe how systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects the immune system
and leads to its common symptoms.
SLE only affects the skin, causing rashes.
SLE enhances the immune response, preventing infections.
SLE is a bacterial infection that causes fever.
SLE causes the immune system to attack healthy tissues, leading to
symptoms like joint pain and fatigue.
5. Describe how adaptive cellular mechanisms contribute to cellular health
during stress conditions.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms only occur during the immune
response.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms are unrelated to cellular health.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms enable cells to adjust their functions
to survive and thrive under stress, thus preserving overall cellular
health.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms are solely responsible for cell division.
6. What are the agents that cause chromosome breaks specifically called
Clastogens
Mutagens
Nanogens
Teratogens
,7. If a mutation occurs that causes guanine to pair with adenine instead of
cytosine, what potential effect could this have on protein synthesis?
It would have no effect on protein synthesis.
It would enhance the protein's function.
It would only affect RNA synthesis.
It could lead to the production of a malfunctioning protein.
8. If a patient with a spinal cord tumor presents with irritative syndrome, what
would be a critical nursing consideration during assessment?
Assessing for respiratory distress.
Monitoring for changes in neurological function.
Checking for signs of infection.
Evaluating the patient's nutritional intake.
9. Describe the role of the skin in the body's innate immune response.
The skin releases cytokines to signal immune responses.
The skin helps in the production of white blood cells.
The skin produces antibodies to fight infections.
The skin acts as a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from
entering the body.
10. What is the role of cell adhesions in the process of metastasis?
Cell adhesions only affect primary tumors.
Cell adhesions must be decreased for metastasis to occur.
Cell adhesions must be increased for metastasis to occur.
, Cell adhesions have no effect on metastasis.
11. Describe the impact of chronic alcohol injury on the liver and its functions.
Chronic alcohol injury has no significant effect on liver function.
Chronic alcohol injury enhances liver function and increases protein
synthesis.
Chronic alcohol injury leads to liver damage, impairing its ability to
detoxify substances and produce essential proteins.
Chronic alcohol injury primarily affects the heart's ability to pump
blood.
12. Describe the significance of the location of bleeding in an epidermal
hematoma and its potential impact on brain function.
Bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater,
which has minimal impact on brain function.
Bleeding occurs within the brain tissue, leading to direct neuronal
damage.
Bleeding occurs between the skull and the dura mater, which can
increase intracranial pressure and compress brain tissue.
Bleeding occurs in the subarachnoid space, causing immediate loss
of consciousness.
13. Describe why women of childbearing age are the primary target population
for education about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Women of childbearing age are more likely to develop SLE due to
hormonal factors and genetic predisposition.
Men are more frequently diagnosed with SLE, thus requiring
education tailored to them.
