NR293 Exam 2 Actual Exam Style V1 | NR
293 Pharmacology for Nursing Practice |
Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed Albuterol (Proventil) and Beclomethasone (Qvar) inhalers for
asthma control. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
A. Use the Beclomethasone first, wait 5 minutes, then use the Albuterol.
B. Only use the Albuterol if the Beclomethasone does not work.
C. Mix the two medications in a nebulizer for faster administration.
D. Use the Albuterol first, wait 5 minutes, then use the Beclomethasone.
Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that acts as a bronchodilator to
open the airways quickly. Administering it first allows the subsequent corticosteroid,
Beclomethasone, to reach deeper into the lung tissue for better efficacy. The patient should
always wait approximately 5 minutes between different types of inhalers.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Furosemide (Lasix). Which lab value should the
nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Potassium
C. Serum Calcium
,D. Serum Magnesium
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the excretion of water along with
electrolytes, specifically potassium. Hypokalemia is a common and potentially life-
threatening side effect of loop diuretics. The nurse must monitor potassium levels to
prevent cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
3. A patient is prescribed Omeprazole (Prilosec) for the treatment of GERD. When should the
nurse instruct the patient to take this medication?
A. Immediately after the largest meal of the day
B. 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast
C. At bedtime with a full glass of water
D. Only when experiencing heartburn symptoms
Answer: B
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Omeprazole work best when taken on an
empty stomach before the first meal of the day. This timing ensures the medication is
present to inhibit the proton pumps when they are most active during meal ingestion.
Taking it consistently every morning provides the best long-term suppression of gastric
acid.
, 4. What is the primary mechanism of action for Metformin (Glucophage) in treating Type 2
Diabetes?
A. Stimulating the pancreas to secrete more insulin
B. Decreasing glucose production by the liver
C. Inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine
D. Increasing the renal excretion of glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin works primarily by reducing hepatic glucose production
(gluconeogenesis) and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Unlike
sulfonylureas, it does not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas, which reduces the
risk of hypoglycemia. It is considered first-line therapy for most patients with Type 2
Diabetes.
5. A patient is newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism and prescribed Levothyroxine
(Synthroid). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will take this medicine every morning on an empty stomach.
B. I can expect to feel better within 1 to 2 days of starting this.
C. I should report any chest pain or rapid heart rate to my doctor.
D. I will likely need to take this medication for the rest of my life.
Answer: B
293 Pharmacology for Nursing Practice |
Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed Albuterol (Proventil) and Beclomethasone (Qvar) inhalers for
asthma control. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
A. Use the Beclomethasone first, wait 5 minutes, then use the Albuterol.
B. Only use the Albuterol if the Beclomethasone does not work.
C. Mix the two medications in a nebulizer for faster administration.
D. Use the Albuterol first, wait 5 minutes, then use the Beclomethasone.
Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that acts as a bronchodilator to
open the airways quickly. Administering it first allows the subsequent corticosteroid,
Beclomethasone, to reach deeper into the lung tissue for better efficacy. The patient should
always wait approximately 5 minutes between different types of inhalers.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Furosemide (Lasix). Which lab value should the
nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Potassium
C. Serum Calcium
,D. Serum Magnesium
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the excretion of water along with
electrolytes, specifically potassium. Hypokalemia is a common and potentially life-
threatening side effect of loop diuretics. The nurse must monitor potassium levels to
prevent cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
3. A patient is prescribed Omeprazole (Prilosec) for the treatment of GERD. When should the
nurse instruct the patient to take this medication?
A. Immediately after the largest meal of the day
B. 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast
C. At bedtime with a full glass of water
D. Only when experiencing heartburn symptoms
Answer: B
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Omeprazole work best when taken on an
empty stomach before the first meal of the day. This timing ensures the medication is
present to inhibit the proton pumps when they are most active during meal ingestion.
Taking it consistently every morning provides the best long-term suppression of gastric
acid.
, 4. What is the primary mechanism of action for Metformin (Glucophage) in treating Type 2
Diabetes?
A. Stimulating the pancreas to secrete more insulin
B. Decreasing glucose production by the liver
C. Inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine
D. Increasing the renal excretion of glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin works primarily by reducing hepatic glucose production
(gluconeogenesis) and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Unlike
sulfonylureas, it does not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas, which reduces the
risk of hypoglycemia. It is considered first-line therapy for most patients with Type 2
Diabetes.
5. A patient is newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism and prescribed Levothyroxine
(Synthroid). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will take this medicine every morning on an empty stomach.
B. I can expect to feel better within 1 to 2 days of starting this.
C. I should report any chest pain or rapid heart rate to my doctor.
D. I will likely need to take this medication for the rest of my life.
Answer: B
