SFFMA FF1 Hazmat Ops/Awareness with correct answers 100% 2026

What is CAS? - Correct Answer The 2010 chemical abstract system registry that lists over 113 million chemicals What is terrorism? - Correct Answer The systematic use of terror to coerce groups of people or governments. What is damaged caused to when hazmats are released uncontrolled from their containers? - Correct Answer Life, critical systems, property and the environment What is the second most effective means for reducing the impact of hazmat incidents on a community? - Correct Answer Planning for them. Emergency planning is required under which federal law? - Correct Answer Superfund amendments and reauthorization act (SARA) What are the 3 subchapters of the SARA regulations? - Correct Answer Title 1- emergency planning and notification, Title 2- reporting requirements Title 3- general provisions What is a gas? - Correct Answer Any material that has a boiling point of less than 68 degrees F What is a liquid? - Correct Answer Any material that has a boiling point greater than 68 degrees F What is a solid? - Correct Answer Any natural that has a melting point above ambient temperature What is boiling point? - Correct Answer The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it changes into a gas or vapor at its max rate. What are materials with low boiling points classified as? - Correct Answer Volatile. Which means they give off large amounts of vapor. What is vapor pressure? - Correct Answer The pressure the vapor of a liquid exerts on its container when the vapor and liquid are in equilibrium What kind of boiling points will high vapor pressure have and what kind will low vapor pressure have? - Correct Answer High vapor pressure = low boiling points Low vapor pressure = high boiling points What measurements are vapor pressure usually expressed in? - Correct Answer Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or pounds per square inch (psi) What is specific gravity? - Correct Answer the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. Water = 1 What is vapor density? - Correct Answer Its the density of a gas in relations to air. Air What is solubility? - Correct Answer A materials ability to dissolve into water or another specific solvent. What is miscibility? - Correct Answer ability to be mixed or blended with another substance What is volatility? - Correct Answer The tendency of a chemical to vaporize or give off fumes What is toxicity? - Correct Answer The ability of a substance or hazardous material to cause injury to biological tissue. What is a poison? - Correct Answer A substance that is toxic at extremely low levels What is an asphyxiant? - Correct Answer A substance that interferes with the oxygenation of tissue Describe irritants - Correct Answer A substance that causes a localized inflammatory reaction on contact Describe sensitizers/allergens - Correct Answer A substance that causes an allergic reaction What is a convulsant? - Correct Answer A substance that causes convulsions or involuntary muscle contractions What are carcinogens? - Correct Answer a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. What are mutagens? - Correct Answer Substance that cause changes in the DNA structure of living organisms, causing mutations Describe teratogens - Correct Answer A substance that can cause developmental abnormalities in fetuses What are pathogenic materials? - Correct Answer A substance that can cause illness or death by bacterial agents, viral agents, toxins Inhalation route? - Correct Answer Respiratory system Absorption route - Correct Answer Permeable tissue such as skin and eyes Ingestion route - Correct Answer By way of the mouth and the digestive system Injection route - Correct Answer Directly into the body and bloodstream by mechanical means Factors that vary the degree of toxicity - Correct Answer Heath, body weight, age, type of material and route of exposure What is Dose? - Correct Answer The quantity necessary for causing toxicity What is the most critical concept of evaluating toxicity? - Correct Answer The lower the numerical toxicity value, the greater the toxicity of the material. TLV/TWA - Correct Answer The max concentration a person may be exposed for 8 hrs per day/ 40 hrs per week TLV/STEL - Correct Answer Max exposure for 15 minutes. No more than 4 times a day with 60 min rest between each exposure TLV/C - Correct Answer Max exposure that should never be exceeded PEL - Correct Answer Same at TLV/TWA (exposure for 8hrs per day/40 hrs per week) but this is OSHA standard LC50 - Correct Answer Concentration of dust, mist, vapor or gas in air or water that kills 50% of test population LD50 - Correct Answer The amount of an injected or ingested material that'll kill 50% of test population What levels are corrosive and which are base? - Correct Answer Corrosive = 1-7 Neutral = 7 Base = 7-14 What is an oxidizer? - Correct Answer Materials that give up oxygen very easily to support the combustion of flammable or combustible materials What are the two broad categories for electromagnetic radiation? - Correct Answer Non-ionizing & ionizing What kind of wavelengths do non-ionizing radiation have? - Correct Answer Larger wavelengths than that of visible light What does ionizing radiation consist of? - Correct Answer High energy radiation that can cause changes to atoms by making them electrically charged What is absorbed dose? - Correct Answer The measurement of radiation transferred to a material by radiation. Measured in RADs Describe Alpha particles - Correct Answer Positively charged particles that are relatively slow moving and weak. Can cause problems when inhaled or ingested Beta particles are - Correct Answer Faster and more penetrating than alpha. Eye and skin damaged caused by strong sources. Neutron particles are - Correct Answer Neutrons ejected from the nucleus of an atom. Usually seen in nuclear materials that have undergone fission or fusion. Not common outside power plant activity. What is gamma radiation? - Correct Answer Gamma rays - waves of electromagnetic radiation - are released by the nucleus -They penetrate far into materials without being stopped and travel a long distance through air -When they finally hit something, they'll do damage -They can be absorbed by thick sheets of lead or metres of concrete What are consumer commodities? - Correct Answer Materials packaged in small quantity containers for household or small scale use Hazard ratings are defined in which us transportation regulation - Correct Answer 49 CFR Flammable liquids vs combustible liquids - Correct Answer Flammable liquids have a boiling point of greater than 68 degrees and a flash point of not more than 141 degrees. Combustible liquids do not meet definition of any other class and have flash point between 141 & 200 What are flammable solids - Correct Answer Any material except explosives that can be readily ignited and will burn intensely and persistently and cause a transportation hazard What are desensitized explosives - Correct Answer Explosives that have been wetted to Express the explosive properties What are self reacting solids - Correct Answer Thermally unstable and may undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition without participation of oxygen What are readily combustible solids - Correct Answer Materials that cause fire through friction, burn faster than 2.2 mm per sec or any metal powder that can be ignited What are spontaneously combustible materials - Correct Answer A material that are air reactive Describe pyrophoric materials - Correct Answer A liquid or solid that when in contact with air and without an external ignition source can be ignited within 5 minutes. What is specific activity? - Correct Answer The amount of radioactivity per unit volume What is a fissile material? - Correct Answer A fuel grade radioactive material which means it is capable of undergoing a nuclear chain reaction. Where are product labels found - Correct Answer Attached to the individual chemical container. Describes contents of package When are DANGEROUS placards displayed? - Correct Answer When there are 2 or more table 2 commodities that are in non-bulk packages loaded on the transport vehicle What is the STCC number? - Correct Answer Standard transportation commodity code number are ID #s assigned by the association of American railroads/bureau of explosives Where is the NFPA-704 marking system usually found - Correct Answer Designed for use primarily on fixed facilities What 4 hazards does the nfpa 704 placard show and what are the ratings? - Correct Answer Heath, fire, reactivity and special. Rating is 1-4 with 4 being the worst level of hazard. What are the 6 types of shipping pairs - Correct Answer Highway = Bill of Lading Rail = Way Bill & Consist Air = Air Bill Marine = Dangerous Cargo Manifest Highway Rail Marine = Hazardous Waste Manifest What's the difference between a Consist & a Way bill? - Correct Answer A consist is a list of all the equipment that makes up a train. A Way Bill follows an individual car and its contents What are MSDS sheets? - Correct Answer They are chemical reference sources found in industrial settings. What does OSHA 29 CFR require? - Correct Answer Requires MSDS to contain 8 specific info sections. What are intermodal containers? - Correct Answer Containers that can be moved from one mode of transportation to another. What are the radiological packaging types in order of least strong to most? - Correct Answer Excepted packaging (materials with extremely low levels) Industrial packaging (limited hazard low levels) Type A packaging (higher levels than first two types) Type B packaging (highly radioactive( Type C packaging (same level as type B but used on aircrafts.) What is the general hazardous materials behavior model? - Correct Answer A tool used to ID the current status of an incident and also to predict potential future events that may transpire during the incident The general hazmat behavior model is made up of 6 events - Correct Answer Stress Breach Release Engulf Impinge Harm Disintegration - Correct Answer Total loss of the container integrity caused by internal or external energy Runaway Linear Cracking - Correct Answer When a container is stressed and weakens due to metal fatigue. Internal pressure exceeds recovery point and results in a rapidly growing crack Closure opens up - Correct Answer Once a container exceeds its failure point engineered openings become damaged, opened or sheared off. Punctures - Correct Answer Occur when an object pushes through the wall of the container Splits and tears - Correct Answer Occurs when external forces rip or abrade the container Spherical dispersion - Correct Answer Radiating away from a point source in all directions at the same time Hemispherical dispersion - Correct Answer Like a spherical release but occurs at ground level Cloud dispersion pattern - Correct Answer Aka circular, seen when gas released with little or no air movement. It hangs or stays in the area Plume dispersion - Correct Answer Release driven by pressure and is carried away by air currents Cone shape dispersion - Correct Answer A conical pattern is usually associated with release of energy. Pattern is linear and radial expansion of the exposure area as energy moves away from release point Stream dispersion - Correct Answer A liquid pattern where movement of liquid product is a down slope due to gravity Pool pattern - Correct Answer Collection of liquid product in low lying areas Impingement time frames - Correct Answer Short term = seconds or hours Medium term = days or months Long term = months or years High temp proximity suits - Correct Answer Use in up to 400 degrees. Used in aircraft ff. Like bunker gear with aluminum covering Fire entry suits - Correct Answer Used in up to 2000 degrees for up to 60 seconds. Level A suits - Correct Answer Vapor tight, encapsulated single piece. SCBA or SAR Level B suits - Correct Answer Liquid splash protection, usually non-encapsulated, single or two piece. SCBA or SAR Level C suit - Correct Answer Liquid splash protection, not vapor tight, APR, PAPR or Particulates mask Level D suit - Correct Answer Regular station clothes, no breathing protection NFPA 1991 - Correct Answer standard on vapor protective suits for hazardous chemical emergencies NFPA 1992 - Correct Answer Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensembles and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies NFPA 1994 - Correct Answer Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to chemical/ biological terrorism Incidents What is detection? - Correct Answer The process by which an emergency responder discovers the presence of a containment in an area What is monitoring? - Correct Answer The process by which emergency responders measure the amount of material present in an area at a certain time What is concentration - Correct Answer The amount of material in a given volume What are action levels? - Correct Answer Administrative reference points used during an incident What are CGIs? - Correct Answer Combustible gas indicators are used to determine the flammability of vapors in an atmosphere What do electrochemical cells sensors detect? - Correct Answer The presence of specific chemicals such as oxygen, hydrogen and others Materials that emit radiation are called? - Correct Answer Radioactive materials Most dangerous type of radiation? - Correct Answer Gamma rays Caustic soda and potassium hydroxide are examples of what? - Correct Answer Bases Substances that ignite when combined create a what? - Correct Answer A hypergolic reaction Where will a chemical with a vapor density greater than one collect? - Correct Answer Low areas What is liquids ability to mix with water called? - Correct Answer Solubility What is a reaction that is associated with over pressurization of a closed container and occurs at a rate of 1 second or less - Correct Answer Violent rupture _________ is a release that results of a broken or damaged valve - Correct Answer Rapid relief What type of material ignites when they contact each other? - Correct Answer Hypergolic What might corrosive materials cause? - Correct Answer Chemical burns and tissue burns When does local effect occur? - Correct Answer At the point of contact with a hazardous material Carbon monoxide is classified as? - Correct Answer A chemical asphyxisant Vapors that attack mucus membranes are? - Correct Answer Irritants Materials such as lithium and finely divided magnesium are reactive with what? - Correct Answer Water True or false? If you are exposed to a hazardous material you are contaminated - Correct Answer False Blood agents such as arsine are what class? - Correct Answer 2.3 Vesicants/blister agents such as nitrogen mustard are what class? - Correct Answer 6.1 True or false? Vapor pressure of a substance at 100° are always higher than the same substance at 68°? - Correct Answer True What class are nerve agents in? - Correct Answer 6.1 What is the 1st tactical priority during hazmat incident? - Correct Answer Exposure protection Remote shutoffs... - Correct Answer Are well marked and in easy to find locations Near the entrance in fixed facilities At the valve controls or behind drivers door in vehicles What is use of foam limited to? - Correct Answer Combustible materials What is confinement? - Correct Answer The procedures taken to keep a material in a defined or local area