A,B,C CMS PHARAMACOLOGY PROCTORED REAL
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A nurse reviews lab results to assess liver function. Which finding is most relevant?
A. Creatinine
B. AST and ALT
C. Potassium
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
AST and ALT are liver enzymes used to evaluate liver function and hepatocellular damage.
A assesses kidney function.
C is electrolyte status.
D reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.
Which lab best reflects kidney function?
A. AST
B. ALT
C. GFR
D. Bilirubin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) directly measures kidney filtration ability.
A, B are liver markers.
D is bilirubin (liver/bile function).
,Pharmacokinetics refers to:
A. Drug effects on the body
B. Movement of drug through the body
C. Drug allergy reactions
D. Drug manufacturing process
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Pharmacokinetics describes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
A is pharmacodynamics.
C is immunologic reaction.
D is unrelated.
Which route bypasses absorption barriers?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. IV
D. Rectal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
IV administration delivers medication directly into circulation.
Others require absorption.
Which is part of pharmacodynamics?
A. Absorption
B. Metabolism
C. Drug-receptor interaction
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pharmacodynamics describes drug effects at target sites.
A, B, D are pharmacokinetics.
Which instruction is correct for sublingual medications?
,A. Swallow immediately
B. Drink water after administration
C. Do not eat or drink until dissolved
D. Crush before administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Sublingual meds must dissolve fully for absorption.
A and B interfere with absorption.
D is unsafe.
Which medication should NOT be crushed for NG tube administration?
A. Immediate-release tablet
B. Enteric-coated tablet
C. Powder capsule
D. Liquid form
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Enteric-coated tablets protect the stomach and must not be crushed.
A and C may be safe if appropriate.
D already in liquid form.
Which insulin has NO peak?
A. Regular insulin
B. NPH
C. Glargine
D. Lispro
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Glargine is long-acting basal insulin with no peak.
Others have peak effects.
Which insulin is clear in appearance?
A. NPH
B. Regular
, C. Glargine
D. Detemir
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Regular insulin is clear.
NPH is cloudy.
Which insulin is intermediate-acting?
A. Lispro
B. Regular
C. NPH
D. Glargine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
NPH is intermediate acting insulin.
Others differ in duration.
Which insulin should NEVER be mixed?
A. Regular
B. Lispro
C. Glargine
D. NPH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Glargine is not mixed with any insulin due to altered action profile.
What is the correct insulin onset order for rapid-acting insulin?
A. 1–2 hours
B. 15–30 minutes
C. 4–12 hours
D. 18–24 hours
Correct Answer: B