for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for
leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance,
marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Introduction to Sociology-2nd Canadian
Edition-William Little
William Little
,Preface
OpenStax College
This Preface is from OpenStax College, the creator of the original textbook.
1. About OpenStax College
OpenStax College is a non-profit organization committed to improving student access to quality learning materials.
Our free textbooks are developed and peer-reviewed by educators to ensure they are readable, accurate, and meet the
scope and sequence requirements of modern college courses. Unlike traditional textbooks, OpenStax College resources
live online and are owned by the community of educators using them. Through our partnerships with companies
and foundations committed to reducing costs for students, OpenStax College is working to improve access to higher
education for all. OpenStax College is an initiative of Rice University and is made possible through the generous support
of several philanthropic foundations.
2. About This Book
Welcome to Introduction to Sociology, an OpenStax College resource created with several goals in mind: accessibility,
affordability, customization, and student engagement—all while encouraging learners toward high levels of learning.
Instructors and students alike will find that this textbook offers a strong foundation in sociology. It is available for free
online and in low-cost print and e-book editions.
To broaden access and encourage community curation, Introduction to Sociology is “open source” licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license. Everyone is invited to submit examples, emerging research, and other
feedback to enhance and strengthen the material and keep it current and relevant for today’s students. You can make
suggestions by contacting us at . You can find the status of the project, as well as alternate
versions, corrections, etc., on the StaxDash at http://openstaxcollege.org. for their respective
careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various
industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance,
marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
3. To the Student
This book is written for you and is based on the teaching and research experience of numerous sociologists. In today’s
global socially networked world, the topic of Sociology is more relevant than ever before. We hope that through this
book, you will learn how simple, everyday human actions and interactions can change the world. In this book, you will
find applications of Sociology concepts that are relevant, current, and balanced.
4. To the Instructor
This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course. Since current events influence our social perspectives and
the field of Sociology in general, OpenStax College encourages instructors to keep this book fresh by sending in your
up-to-date examples to so that students and instructors around the country can relate and
engage in fruitful discussions.
5. General Approach
Introduction to Sociology adheres to the scope and sequence of a typical introductory sociology course. In addition to
, PREFACE • iii
comprehensive coverage of core concepts, foundational scholars, and emerging theories, we have incorporated section
reviews with engaging questions, discussions that help students apply the sociological imagination, and features that
draw learners into the discipline in meaningful ways. Although this text can be modified and reorganized to suit your
needs, the standard version is organized so that topics are introduced conceptually, with relevant, everyday experiences.
6. Features of OpenStax Introduction to Sociology
The following briefly describes the special features of this text.
Modularity
This textbook is organized on Connexions (http://cnx.org) as a collection of modules that can be rearranged and
modified to suit the needs of a particular professor or class. That being said, modules often contain references to content
in other modules, as most topics in sociology cannot be discussed in isolation.
Learning Objectives
for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It
focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship,
and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Every module begins with a set of clear and concise learning objectives. These objectives are designed to help the
instructor decide what content to include or assign, and to guide the student with respect to what he or she can expect
to learn. After completing the module and end-of-module exercises, students should be able to demonstrate mastery of
the learning objectives.
Key Features
The following features show students the dynamic nature of Sociology:
• Sociological Research: Highlights specific current and relevant research studies. Examples include “Is
Music a Cultural Universal?” and “Deceptive Divorce Rates.”
• Sociology in the Real World: Ties chapter content to student life and discusses sociology in terms of the
everyday. Topics include “Secrets of the McJob” and “Grade Inflation: When Is an A Really a C?”
• Big Picture: Features present sociological concepts at a national or international level, including “Education
in Afghanistan” and “American Indian Tribes and Environmental Racism.”
• Case Study: Describes real-life people whose experiences relate to chapter content, such as “Catherine
Middleton: The Commoner Who Would Be Queen.”
• Social Policy and Debate: Discusses political issues that relate to chapter content, such as “The Legalese of
Sex and Gender” and “Is the U.S. Bilingual?”
Section Summaries
Section summaries distill the information in each section for both students and instructors down to key, concise points
addressed in the section.
Key Terms
Key terms are bold and are followed by a definition in context. Definitions of key terms are also listed in the Key Terms,
which appears at the end of the module online and at the end of the chapter in print.
, Section Quizzes
Section quizzes provide opportunities to apply and test the information students learn throughout each section. Both
multiple-choice and short-response questions feature a variety of question types and range of difficulty.
for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It
focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship,
and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Further Research
This feature helps students further explore the section topic and offers related research topics that could be explored.
7. Faculty Reviewers
Carol Jenkins, Glendale Community College
Lillian Marie Wallace, Pima Community College
J. Brandon Wallace, Middle Tennessee State University
Gerry R. Cox, professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
David Hunt, Augusta State University
Jennifer L. Newman-Shoemake, Angelo State University, and Cisco College
Matthew Morrison, University of Virginia
Sue Greer-Pitt, Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College
Faye Jones, Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Athena Smith, Hillsborough Community College
Kim Winford, Blinn College
Kevin Keating, Broward College
Russell Davis, University of West Alabama
Kimberly Boyd, Piedmont Virginia Community College
Lynn Newhart, Rockford College
Russell C. Ward, Maysville Community and Technical College
Xuemei Hu, Union County College
Margaret A. Choka, Pellissippi State Community College
Cindy Minton, Clark State Community College
Nili Kirschner, Woodland Community College
Shonda Whetstone, Blinn College
Elizabeth Arreaga, instructor emerita at Long Beach City College
Florencio R. Riguera, Catholic University of America
John B. Gannon, College of Southern Nevada
Gerald Titchener, Des Moines Area Community College
Rahime-Malik Howard, El Centro College, and Collin College
Jeff Bry, Minnesota State Community and Technical College at Moorhead
Cynthia Tooley, Metropolitan Community College at Blue River
Carol Sebilia, Diablo Valley College
Marian Moore, Owens Community College
John Bartkowski, University of Texas at San Antonio
Shelly Dutchin, Western Technical College
8. Disclaimer
All photos and images were licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license at the time they were
leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance,
marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Introduction to Sociology-2nd Canadian
Edition-William Little
William Little
,Preface
OpenStax College
This Preface is from OpenStax College, the creator of the original textbook.
1. About OpenStax College
OpenStax College is a non-profit organization committed to improving student access to quality learning materials.
Our free textbooks are developed and peer-reviewed by educators to ensure they are readable, accurate, and meet the
scope and sequence requirements of modern college courses. Unlike traditional textbooks, OpenStax College resources
live online and are owned by the community of educators using them. Through our partnerships with companies
and foundations committed to reducing costs for students, OpenStax College is working to improve access to higher
education for all. OpenStax College is an initiative of Rice University and is made possible through the generous support
of several philanthropic foundations.
2. About This Book
Welcome to Introduction to Sociology, an OpenStax College resource created with several goals in mind: accessibility,
affordability, customization, and student engagement—all while encouraging learners toward high levels of learning.
Instructors and students alike will find that this textbook offers a strong foundation in sociology. It is available for free
online and in low-cost print and e-book editions.
To broaden access and encourage community curation, Introduction to Sociology is “open source” licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license. Everyone is invited to submit examples, emerging research, and other
feedback to enhance and strengthen the material and keep it current and relevant for today’s students. You can make
suggestions by contacting us at . You can find the status of the project, as well as alternate
versions, corrections, etc., on the StaxDash at http://openstaxcollege.org. for their respective
careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various
industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance,
marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
3. To the Student
This book is written for you and is based on the teaching and research experience of numerous sociologists. In today’s
global socially networked world, the topic of Sociology is more relevant than ever before. We hope that through this
book, you will learn how simple, everyday human actions and interactions can change the world. In this book, you will
find applications of Sociology concepts that are relevant, current, and balanced.
4. To the Instructor
This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course. Since current events influence our social perspectives and
the field of Sociology in general, OpenStax College encourages instructors to keep this book fresh by sending in your
up-to-date examples to so that students and instructors around the country can relate and
engage in fruitful discussions.
5. General Approach
Introduction to Sociology adheres to the scope and sequence of a typical introductory sociology course. In addition to
, PREFACE • iii
comprehensive coverage of core concepts, foundational scholars, and emerging theories, we have incorporated section
reviews with engaging questions, discussions that help students apply the sociological imagination, and features that
draw learners into the discipline in meaningful ways. Although this text can be modified and reorganized to suit your
needs, the standard version is organized so that topics are introduced conceptually, with relevant, everyday experiences.
6. Features of OpenStax Introduction to Sociology
The following briefly describes the special features of this text.
Modularity
This textbook is organized on Connexions (http://cnx.org) as a collection of modules that can be rearranged and
modified to suit the needs of a particular professor or class. That being said, modules often contain references to content
in other modules, as most topics in sociology cannot be discussed in isolation.
Learning Objectives
for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It
focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship,
and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Every module begins with a set of clear and concise learning objectives. These objectives are designed to help the
instructor decide what content to include or assign, and to guide the student with respect to what he or she can expect
to learn. After completing the module and end-of-module exercises, students should be able to demonstrate mastery of
the learning objectives.
Key Features
The following features show students the dynamic nature of Sociology:
• Sociological Research: Highlights specific current and relevant research studies. Examples include “Is
Music a Cultural Universal?” and “Deceptive Divorce Rates.”
• Sociology in the Real World: Ties chapter content to student life and discusses sociology in terms of the
everyday. Topics include “Secrets of the McJob” and “Grade Inflation: When Is an A Really a C?”
• Big Picture: Features present sociological concepts at a national or international level, including “Education
in Afghanistan” and “American Indian Tribes and Environmental Racism.”
• Case Study: Describes real-life people whose experiences relate to chapter content, such as “Catherine
Middleton: The Commoner Who Would Be Queen.”
• Social Policy and Debate: Discusses political issues that relate to chapter content, such as “The Legalese of
Sex and Gender” and “Is the U.S. Bilingual?”
Section Summaries
Section summaries distill the information in each section for both students and instructors down to key, concise points
addressed in the section.
Key Terms
Key terms are bold and are followed by a definition in context. Definitions of key terms are also listed in the Key Terms,
which appears at the end of the module online and at the end of the chapter in print.
, Section Quizzes
Section quizzes provide opportunities to apply and test the information students learn throughout each section. Both
multiple-choice and short-response questions feature a variety of question types and range of difficulty.
for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1. Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It
focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship,
and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness
Further Research
This feature helps students further explore the section topic and offers related research topics that could be explored.
7. Faculty Reviewers
Carol Jenkins, Glendale Community College
Lillian Marie Wallace, Pima Community College
J. Brandon Wallace, Middle Tennessee State University
Gerry R. Cox, professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
David Hunt, Augusta State University
Jennifer L. Newman-Shoemake, Angelo State University, and Cisco College
Matthew Morrison, University of Virginia
Sue Greer-Pitt, Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College
Faye Jones, Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Athena Smith, Hillsborough Community College
Kim Winford, Blinn College
Kevin Keating, Broward College
Russell Davis, University of West Alabama
Kimberly Boyd, Piedmont Virginia Community College
Lynn Newhart, Rockford College
Russell C. Ward, Maysville Community and Technical College
Xuemei Hu, Union County College
Margaret A. Choka, Pellissippi State Community College
Cindy Minton, Clark State Community College
Nili Kirschner, Woodland Community College
Shonda Whetstone, Blinn College
Elizabeth Arreaga, instructor emerita at Long Beach City College
Florencio R. Riguera, Catholic University of America
John B. Gannon, College of Southern Nevada
Gerald Titchener, Des Moines Area Community College
Rahime-Malik Howard, El Centro College, and Collin College
Jeff Bry, Minnesota State Community and Technical College at Moorhead
Cynthia Tooley, Metropolitan Community College at Blue River
Carol Sebilia, Diablo Valley College
Marian Moore, Owens Community College
John Bartkowski, University of Texas at San Antonio
Shelly Dutchin, Western Technical College
8. Disclaimer
All photos and images were licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license at the time they were
