TEST BANK
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, Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
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df Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
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MULTIPLE CHOICE df
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
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bilayer, most ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteins df df df
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains df df df
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors df df df df
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A df
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the
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lipid bilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface
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antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the
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membrane potential changes significantly.
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1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
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A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B df
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information
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that controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic
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compounds into cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using
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hydrogen and carbon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as
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energy is released.
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2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
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Med C df
, RNA (rRNA)? df
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
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C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
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D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis df df df df
Ans: C df
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer
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RNA) that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
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cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
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transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
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synthesized.
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3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and
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worn- out cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end
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products and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins
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that remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a
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tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell
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to another
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Ans: A df
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and
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removal of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in
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association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation
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for secretion, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in
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the synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting
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various substances from one part of the cell to another.
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4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: df df df df df df df df
Med C df
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis df df df df
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energy production within a cell df df df df df
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm df df df df df df
Ans: D df
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable
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chemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly
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contribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
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5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants”
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of the cell because they:
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A) Contain RNA for protein synthesisdf df df df
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
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C) Extract energy from organic compounds
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D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C df
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy
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that is easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is
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anaerobic metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate
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bonds (such as in ATP) to power cellular functions.
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6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of
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the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B df
Feedback:
Med C df
df
, Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
df df df df df df df df
df Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
df df df df df
MULTIPLE CHOICE df
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
bilayer, most ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
df df df df df df df df df df
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins df df df
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains df df df
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors df df df df
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
df df df df df df
Ans: A df
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
lipid bilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
membrane potential changes significantly.
df df df df
1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
df df df df df df
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
df df df df df df df df df df
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
df df df df df df df
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
df df df df df df
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
df df df df df df
Ans: B df
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information
df df df df df df df df df df df df
that controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic
df df df df df df df df df
compounds into cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using
df df df df df df df df df df df
hydrogen and carbon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
energy is released.
df df df
2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Med C df
, RNA (rRNA)? df
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
df df df df df df df df
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
df df df df df df
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis df df df df
Ans: C df
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer
df df df df df df df df df df df df
RNA) that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
synthesized.
df
3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
df df df df df df df df df
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and
df df df df df df df df df df df
worn- out cell parts
df df df df
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end
df df df df df df df df df df
products and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
df df df df df df df df df
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins
df df df df df df df df df df df df
that remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
df df df df df df df df df df df
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a
df df df df df df df df df df df
tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
to another
df df
Ans: A df
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
removal of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in
df df df df df df df df df df df df
association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation
df df df df df df df df df df df df
for secretion, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
the synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
various substances from one part of the cell to another.
df df df df df df df df df df
4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: df df df df df df df df
Med C df
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis df df df df
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
df df df df df df df df df
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell df df df df df
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm df df df df df df
Ans: D df
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable
df df df df df df df df df df df df
chemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly
df df df df df df df df df df
contribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
df df df df df df df df df df df
5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants”
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
of the cell because they:
df df df df df
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesisdf df df df
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
df df df df
C) Extract energy from organic compounds
df df df df
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
df df df df df
Ans: C df
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy
df df df df df df df df df df
that is easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
anaerobic metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate
df df df df df df df df df df
bonds (such as in ATP) to power cellular functions.
df df df df df df df df df
6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of
df df df df df df df df df df df
the following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B df
Feedback:
Med C df
