CEN Genitourinary, Gynecological & Obstetrical Emergencies Review: Emergency Nursing
Study Guide
B. The symptoms of dysuria, urgency and frequency are classic indicators of a urinary tract
infection. Urinary tract infections are very common in women and can almost always be treated
on an outpatient basis with a course of antibiotics. - ✔✔A 24-year-old woman is seen in the
emergency department complaining of urinary frequency, pain with urination and urgency. Vital
signs are stable and within normal limits. When you obtain a urine specimen, you note that it is
cloudy and foul smelling. You should prepare the patient for:
a. Admission for acute renal failure
b. Discharge with antibiotic therapy
c. Admission for lithotripsy
d. Discharge without medications
D. ARF can be classified by using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease. Risk is
defined as an increased serum creatinine level at 1.5 times normal or decrease of glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) by 25% or decrease in urine output less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for more than 6
hours. ARF is defined as Injury when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 2 times,
GFR is decreased by 50% or urine output is less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for 12 hours. ARF is defined as
Failure when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 3 times, GFR is decreased by
75% or urine output is less than 0.3 cc/kg/hr for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours. ARF is
classified as Loss if there is persistent ARF or if there is a complete loss of kidney function for
more than 4 weeks. End-stage kidney disease is defined as a loss of kidney function for more
than 3 months. - ✔✔When evaluating a patient for Acute Renal Failure, it is helpful to use the
RIFLE criteria for classification. This acronym refers to:
a. Risk, Injury, Functional decrease, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
b. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Labile diabetes, and End-Stage kidney disease
c. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
d. Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
B. Typically, sodium levels will be decreased as the kidneys lose the ability to conserve sodium.
This will result in sodium being excreted in the urine resulting in hyponatremia. At the same
, time, the kidneys will lose the ability to excrete potassium and phosphorus. Calcium levels will
be inversely proportional to phosphorus levels. - ✔✔The most common electrolyte imbalances
resulting from acute renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypernatremia
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hyperphosphatemia
A. Lambskin or natural condoms are NOT effective protection against sexually transmitted
infections. - ✔✔Your patient has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Which
of the following should NOT be a part of the discharge instructions?
a. Use of lambskin condoms for protection.
b. Sexual abstinence until antibiotic treatment is complete.
c. All sexual partners should be treated.
d. Follow up in 7 to 10 days.
A. Priapism can lead to impotence. Fibrosis and scarring from repeated or long duration of
priapism are typically the causes of the impotence. Repeated decompression efforts can also
lead to scarring that can cause impotence. - ✔✔Priapism can result in impotence.
a. True
b. False
A. A renal calculus or kidney stone usually presents with sudden onset flank pain that may
radiate to the abdomen or groin. The exquisite pain may result in hypertension, tachycardia and
tachypnea. The pain will cause the patient to be very restless as he tries to find a position of
comfort. - ✔✔A 35-year-old male patient comes into the emergency department complaining
of severe back pain radiating into his groin that started suddenly and is not relieved by
ibuprofen or changes in position. He is pale and very restless. His systolic blood pressure is 160,
respiratory rate is 28 and pulse rate is 110. What is the likely cause of the patient's conditions?
a. Renal calculus
Study Guide
B. The symptoms of dysuria, urgency and frequency are classic indicators of a urinary tract
infection. Urinary tract infections are very common in women and can almost always be treated
on an outpatient basis with a course of antibiotics. - ✔✔A 24-year-old woman is seen in the
emergency department complaining of urinary frequency, pain with urination and urgency. Vital
signs are stable and within normal limits. When you obtain a urine specimen, you note that it is
cloudy and foul smelling. You should prepare the patient for:
a. Admission for acute renal failure
b. Discharge with antibiotic therapy
c. Admission for lithotripsy
d. Discharge without medications
D. ARF can be classified by using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease. Risk is
defined as an increased serum creatinine level at 1.5 times normal or decrease of glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) by 25% or decrease in urine output less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for more than 6
hours. ARF is defined as Injury when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 2 times,
GFR is decreased by 50% or urine output is less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for 12 hours. ARF is defined as
Failure when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 3 times, GFR is decreased by
75% or urine output is less than 0.3 cc/kg/hr for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours. ARF is
classified as Loss if there is persistent ARF or if there is a complete loss of kidney function for
more than 4 weeks. End-stage kidney disease is defined as a loss of kidney function for more
than 3 months. - ✔✔When evaluating a patient for Acute Renal Failure, it is helpful to use the
RIFLE criteria for classification. This acronym refers to:
a. Risk, Injury, Functional decrease, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
b. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Labile diabetes, and End-Stage kidney disease
c. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
d. Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease
B. Typically, sodium levels will be decreased as the kidneys lose the ability to conserve sodium.
This will result in sodium being excreted in the urine resulting in hyponatremia. At the same
, time, the kidneys will lose the ability to excrete potassium and phosphorus. Calcium levels will
be inversely proportional to phosphorus levels. - ✔✔The most common electrolyte imbalances
resulting from acute renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypernatremia
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hyperphosphatemia
A. Lambskin or natural condoms are NOT effective protection against sexually transmitted
infections. - ✔✔Your patient has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Which
of the following should NOT be a part of the discharge instructions?
a. Use of lambskin condoms for protection.
b. Sexual abstinence until antibiotic treatment is complete.
c. All sexual partners should be treated.
d. Follow up in 7 to 10 days.
A. Priapism can lead to impotence. Fibrosis and scarring from repeated or long duration of
priapism are typically the causes of the impotence. Repeated decompression efforts can also
lead to scarring that can cause impotence. - ✔✔Priapism can result in impotence.
a. True
b. False
A. A renal calculus or kidney stone usually presents with sudden onset flank pain that may
radiate to the abdomen or groin. The exquisite pain may result in hypertension, tachycardia and
tachypnea. The pain will cause the patient to be very restless as he tries to find a position of
comfort. - ✔✔A 35-year-old male patient comes into the emergency department complaining
of severe back pain radiating into his groin that started suddenly and is not relieved by
ibuprofen or changes in position. He is pale and very restless. His systolic blood pressure is 160,
respiratory rate is 28 and pulse rate is 110. What is the likely cause of the patient's conditions?
a. Renal calculus
