Immunology Palmer_ Final Exam- All
Chapters Flashcards
2026-2027
Expert-Verified Questions and Answers
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,What are the types of lymphoid organs? primary and secondary
What are the primary lymphoid organs? -bone marrow
-thymus
What are the secondary lymphoid organs? -tonsils
-adenoids
-lymph nodes
-lymphatic vessels
-spleen
-appendix
What are the types of lymphocytes? T cells and B cells
Where do B lymphocytes differentiate? bone marrow
Where do T lymphocytes differentiate? thymus
What are the types of granulocytes? -neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
Lymphocytes and granulocytes are? leukocytes
Leukocytes are also known as? white blood cells
Where are monocytes located? blood vessels
Where are macrophages located? tissues
Which are immature, monocytes or macrophages? monocytes
Which are larger, monocytes or macrophages? macrophages
Which are mature, monocytes or macrophages? macrophages
,Which are smaller, monocytes or macrophages? monocytes
Dendritic cells and natural killer cells (NK) are also types immune cells
of?
What is the main function of the immune system? prevent or limit infections, fungi, and parasites
How many lines of defense does the immune system 3
have?
What is the first line of defense in the immune system? intact skin and mucous membranes
What is the second line of defense in the immune system? innate immunity
What is the third line of defense in the immune system? adaptive immunity
What are the two branches of the immune system? innate immunity and adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is specific? adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is nonspecific? innate immunity
Adaptive immunity is also known as? acquired immunity
Skin and mucous membranes of innate immunity are physical and mechanical barriers
known as its?
What are the cellular components of innate immunity? -polymorphonuclear (PMNs)
-monocytes
-macrophages
-natural killer cells
What is the function of macrophages? phagocytosis
What is the purpose of natural killer cells? react against and destroy another cell WITHOUT prior sensitization to it
, All of the following are cellular components of innate lymphocytes
immunity EXCEPT? 3 multiple choice options
What are the chemical barriers associated with innate -acids
immunity? -lipids
-enzymes
-complements
Where are lipids and enzymes found? blood
Macrophages are responsible for phagocytosis as well as? antigen presentation
What is the function of dendritic cells? antigen presentation
What is the function of neutrophils? phagocytosis
When does innate immunity exist? prior to exposure of a microbe
Does innate immunity improve after organism exposure? NO
What is the function of innate immunity? killing invading microbes and activating adaptive immune processes
What mechanism in the innate immune system allows for pattern recognition receptors
the recognition of microbes?
What do patterns recognition receptors recognize? pathogen associated molecular patterns present on the surface of microbes (PAMP)
Are pathogen associated molecular patterns present on NO
human cells?
What might pattern recognition receptors detect on the certain carbohydrates or lipids
surface of microorganisms?
What are the two classes of receptors on the surface of -toll-like receptors
cells that recognize microbes outside of cells? -mannan-binding lectin receptors
What are the two classes of receptors in the cytoplasm of -NOD receptors
cells that recognize microbes within cells? -RIG-I helicase receptors
Chapters Flashcards
2026-2027
Expert-Verified Questions and Answers
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,What are the types of lymphoid organs? primary and secondary
What are the primary lymphoid organs? -bone marrow
-thymus
What are the secondary lymphoid organs? -tonsils
-adenoids
-lymph nodes
-lymphatic vessels
-spleen
-appendix
What are the types of lymphocytes? T cells and B cells
Where do B lymphocytes differentiate? bone marrow
Where do T lymphocytes differentiate? thymus
What are the types of granulocytes? -neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
Lymphocytes and granulocytes are? leukocytes
Leukocytes are also known as? white blood cells
Where are monocytes located? blood vessels
Where are macrophages located? tissues
Which are immature, monocytes or macrophages? monocytes
Which are larger, monocytes or macrophages? macrophages
Which are mature, monocytes or macrophages? macrophages
,Which are smaller, monocytes or macrophages? monocytes
Dendritic cells and natural killer cells (NK) are also types immune cells
of?
What is the main function of the immune system? prevent or limit infections, fungi, and parasites
How many lines of defense does the immune system 3
have?
What is the first line of defense in the immune system? intact skin and mucous membranes
What is the second line of defense in the immune system? innate immunity
What is the third line of defense in the immune system? adaptive immunity
What are the two branches of the immune system? innate immunity and adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is specific? adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is nonspecific? innate immunity
Adaptive immunity is also known as? acquired immunity
Skin and mucous membranes of innate immunity are physical and mechanical barriers
known as its?
What are the cellular components of innate immunity? -polymorphonuclear (PMNs)
-monocytes
-macrophages
-natural killer cells
What is the function of macrophages? phagocytosis
What is the purpose of natural killer cells? react against and destroy another cell WITHOUT prior sensitization to it
, All of the following are cellular components of innate lymphocytes
immunity EXCEPT? 3 multiple choice options
What are the chemical barriers associated with innate -acids
immunity? -lipids
-enzymes
-complements
Where are lipids and enzymes found? blood
Macrophages are responsible for phagocytosis as well as? antigen presentation
What is the function of dendritic cells? antigen presentation
What is the function of neutrophils? phagocytosis
When does innate immunity exist? prior to exposure of a microbe
Does innate immunity improve after organism exposure? NO
What is the function of innate immunity? killing invading microbes and activating adaptive immune processes
What mechanism in the innate immune system allows for pattern recognition receptors
the recognition of microbes?
What do patterns recognition receptors recognize? pathogen associated molecular patterns present on the surface of microbes (PAMP)
Are pathogen associated molecular patterns present on NO
human cells?
What might pattern recognition receptors detect on the certain carbohydrates or lipids
surface of microorganisms?
What are the two classes of receptors on the surface of -toll-like receptors
cells that recognize microbes outside of cells? -mannan-binding lectin receptors
What are the two classes of receptors in the cytoplasm of -NOD receptors
cells that recognize microbes within cells? -RIG-I helicase receptors
