Maryville Patho NURS 611
Exam 2 Dr. Wunderlich Latest
Update 2026 Exam Prep High-
Yield Review Guide
1. Describe the general prognosis for recovery in individuals diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome.
A) Most individuals experience gradual improvement over several weeks to months.
B) Improvement is only seen after one year.
C) Recovery is usually instantaneous after diagnosis.
D) Patients typically do not recover at all.
ANSWER: A) Most individuals experience gradual improvement over several weeks to months.
Rationale:
Option A (Correct): Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
characterized by progressive ascending weakness. Most patients begin to show improvement within 2-4
weeks after symptom onset and continue to recover over months. Approximately 80-90% of patients
achieve functional recovery, though some may have residual deficits.
Option B (Incorrect): While recovery can continue for up to 1-2 years, improvement is not delayed until
after one year. In fact, most patients begin showing signs of improvement within weeks to months
following the acute phase.
,Option C (Incorrect): Recovery from Guillain-Barre is never instantaneous. It is a gradual process that
requires nerve remyelination and axonal regeneration, which takes considerable time.
Option D (Incorrect): The majority of patients do recover, though the degree of recovery varies. Only
about 10-20% of patients may have significant long-term disability, but complete non-recovery is rare.
2. Describe the role of chemotactic factors in the immune response.
A) Chemotactic factors guide immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
B) Chemotactic factors are involved in the formation of antibodies.
C) Chemotactic factors are produced by pathogens to evade the immune system.
D) Chemotactic factors prevent immune cells from moving.
ANSWER: A) Chemotactic factors guide immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
Rationale:
Option A (Correct): Chemotactic factors (chemokines) are signaling proteins that create concentration
gradients to direct the migration of immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes,
toward areas of inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.
Option B (Incorrect): Antibody formation (humoral immunity) is primarily the function of B lymphocytes
and plasma cells, not chemotactic factors. Chemokines facilitate cell movement but do not directly
participate in antibody synthesis.
Option C (Incorrect): While some pathogens may produce factors to evade immunity, chemotactic
factors are primarily host-derived molecules that enhance immune surveillance and recruitment.
Option D (Incorrect): Chemotactic factors promote, not prevent, immune cell movement. They are
essential for proper immune cell trafficking and homing to target tissues.
,3. What is the function of IgG antibodies?
A) They attack pathogens before they enter the body tissues.
B) They accelerate inflammation upon exposure to antigens.
C) They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.
D) They are responsible for cross-reactions between incompatible blood types.
ANSWER: C) They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.
Rationale:
Option C (Correct): IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in serum and provides the majority of
antibody-based immunity against pathogens. It can neutralize viruses, opsonize bacteria for
phagocytosis, and neutralize bacterial toxins. IgG is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta,
providing passive immunity to the fetus.
Option A (Incorrect): Attack on pathogens before entering body tissues is primarily the function of
secretory IgA, which provides mucosal immunity. IgG acts systemically after pathogens have entered the
body.
Option B (Incorrect): Accelerating inflammation is not the primary function of IgG. In fact, excessive IgG-
mediated inflammation can be harmful in autoimmune conditions. IgE is more closely associated with
inflammatory responses in allergic reactions.
Option D (Incorrect): Cross-reactions between incompatible blood types are primarily associated with
IgM antibodies, particularly in ABO incompatibility. IgM is a pentamer that can effectively agglutinate
red blood cells.
4. Which immunoglobulin is primarily associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
A) IgG
B) IgA
, C) IgE
D) IgD
ANSWER: C) IgE
Rationale:
Option C (Correct): IgE is the immunoglobulin class associated with type I hypersensitivity reactions
(allergies) and defense against parasitic infections. It binds to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and
basophils, triggering degranulation and release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Option A (Incorrect): IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin and provides systemic immunity against
bacteria, viruses, and toxins. It is not the primary mediator of allergic reactions.
Option B (Incorrect): IgA is found in mucosal secretions and provides localized immunity at mucosal
surfaces. It is not associated with allergic responses.
Option D (Incorrect): IgD is found primarily on the surface of naive B cells and functions as a B-cell
receptor. Its role in allergic reactions is minimal.
5. Which of the following describes a primary immunodeficiency disorder?
A) HIV/AIDS
B) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
C) Immunosuppression from chemotherapy
D) Malnutrition-induced immunodeficiency
ANSWER: B) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Rationale:
Exam 2 Dr. Wunderlich Latest
Update 2026 Exam Prep High-
Yield Review Guide
1. Describe the general prognosis for recovery in individuals diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome.
A) Most individuals experience gradual improvement over several weeks to months.
B) Improvement is only seen after one year.
C) Recovery is usually instantaneous after diagnosis.
D) Patients typically do not recover at all.
ANSWER: A) Most individuals experience gradual improvement over several weeks to months.
Rationale:
Option A (Correct): Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
characterized by progressive ascending weakness. Most patients begin to show improvement within 2-4
weeks after symptom onset and continue to recover over months. Approximately 80-90% of patients
achieve functional recovery, though some may have residual deficits.
Option B (Incorrect): While recovery can continue for up to 1-2 years, improvement is not delayed until
after one year. In fact, most patients begin showing signs of improvement within weeks to months
following the acute phase.
,Option C (Incorrect): Recovery from Guillain-Barre is never instantaneous. It is a gradual process that
requires nerve remyelination and axonal regeneration, which takes considerable time.
Option D (Incorrect): The majority of patients do recover, though the degree of recovery varies. Only
about 10-20% of patients may have significant long-term disability, but complete non-recovery is rare.
2. Describe the role of chemotactic factors in the immune response.
A) Chemotactic factors guide immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
B) Chemotactic factors are involved in the formation of antibodies.
C) Chemotactic factors are produced by pathogens to evade the immune system.
D) Chemotactic factors prevent immune cells from moving.
ANSWER: A) Chemotactic factors guide immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
Rationale:
Option A (Correct): Chemotactic factors (chemokines) are signaling proteins that create concentration
gradients to direct the migration of immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes,
toward areas of inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.
Option B (Incorrect): Antibody formation (humoral immunity) is primarily the function of B lymphocytes
and plasma cells, not chemotactic factors. Chemokines facilitate cell movement but do not directly
participate in antibody synthesis.
Option C (Incorrect): While some pathogens may produce factors to evade immunity, chemotactic
factors are primarily host-derived molecules that enhance immune surveillance and recruitment.
Option D (Incorrect): Chemotactic factors promote, not prevent, immune cell movement. They are
essential for proper immune cell trafficking and homing to target tissues.
,3. What is the function of IgG antibodies?
A) They attack pathogens before they enter the body tissues.
B) They accelerate inflammation upon exposure to antigens.
C) They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.
D) They are responsible for cross-reactions between incompatible blood types.
ANSWER: C) They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.
Rationale:
Option C (Correct): IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in serum and provides the majority of
antibody-based immunity against pathogens. It can neutralize viruses, opsonize bacteria for
phagocytosis, and neutralize bacterial toxins. IgG is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta,
providing passive immunity to the fetus.
Option A (Incorrect): Attack on pathogens before entering body tissues is primarily the function of
secretory IgA, which provides mucosal immunity. IgG acts systemically after pathogens have entered the
body.
Option B (Incorrect): Accelerating inflammation is not the primary function of IgG. In fact, excessive IgG-
mediated inflammation can be harmful in autoimmune conditions. IgE is more closely associated with
inflammatory responses in allergic reactions.
Option D (Incorrect): Cross-reactions between incompatible blood types are primarily associated with
IgM antibodies, particularly in ABO incompatibility. IgM is a pentamer that can effectively agglutinate
red blood cells.
4. Which immunoglobulin is primarily associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
A) IgG
B) IgA
, C) IgE
D) IgD
ANSWER: C) IgE
Rationale:
Option C (Correct): IgE is the immunoglobulin class associated with type I hypersensitivity reactions
(allergies) and defense against parasitic infections. It binds to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and
basophils, triggering degranulation and release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Option A (Incorrect): IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin and provides systemic immunity against
bacteria, viruses, and toxins. It is not the primary mediator of allergic reactions.
Option B (Incorrect): IgA is found in mucosal secretions and provides localized immunity at mucosal
surfaces. It is not associated with allergic responses.
Option D (Incorrect): IgD is found primarily on the surface of naive B cells and functions as a B-cell
receptor. Its role in allergic reactions is minimal.
5. Which of the following describes a primary immunodeficiency disorder?
A) HIV/AIDS
B) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
C) Immunosuppression from chemotherapy
D) Malnutrition-induced immunodeficiency
ANSWER: B) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Rationale:
