BSN 425 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ An adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. The nurse plans to teach the
adolescent that dietary control and exercise can help regulate the disorder.
What additional information should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Select all that apply.1 Insulin therapy2 Prophylactic antibiotics3 Blood
glucose monitoring4 Oral hypoglycemic agents5 Adherence to the treatment
regimen.
Answer: 1, 3, 5Because clients with type 1 diabetes have little or no
endogenous insulin, they must take insulin. Blood glucose monitoring is an
important aspect of therapy because it aids evaluation of the effectiveness of
diabetic control. Dietary control and exercise reduce the amount of
exogenous insulin needed. Although adhering to the diabetic regimen is
difficult, especially for adolescents who need to identify with their peers, its
importance in promoting euglycemia should be discussed. Although
infection increases insulin requirements, prophylactic antibiotics are not
needed. Oral hypoglycemics are ineffective in stimulating insulin secretion
in clients with type 1 diabetes.
◍ A client with phosphate-based urinary calculi asks why aluminum hydroxide
gel has been prescribed. The nurse explains that the medication decreases
serum phosphorus by which action?1Binding with phosphorus in the
intestine2Preventing absorption of phosphorus in the stomach3Promoting
excretion of excessive urinary phosphorus4Dissolving stones as they pass
through the urinary tract.
Answer: 1Aluminum hydroxide binds phosphorus in the intestine,
preventing its absorption; this decreases serum phosphorus. Preventing
absorption of phosphorus in the stomach, promoting excretion of excessive
urinary phosphorus, and dissolving stones as they pass through the urinary
, tract are not actions of this drug.
◍ Which explanation should the nurse consider when formulating a response
to a client's inquiry about intussusception of the bowel?1Kinking of the
bowel onto itself2A band of connective tissue compressing the
bowel3Telescoping of a proximal loop of bowel into a distal loop4A
protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall that contains it.
Answer: 3Intussusception is the telescoping or prolapse of a segment of the
bowel into the lumen of an immediately connecting segment of the bowel.
Volvulus is a twisting of the bowel onto itself. Adhesions are bands of scar
tissue that can compress the bowel. Herniation describes protrusion of an
organ through the wall that contains it.
◍ The nurse teaches the client about foods to avoid while on phenelzine
therapy. Which response given by the client indicates the need for further
education?1"I should avoid raisins in my diet."2"I should avoid corned beef
in my diet."3"I should avoid burgundy and sherry in my diet."4"I should
avoid the foods that are made of pepperoni.".
Answer: 1Most adverse effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOAIs)
are caused by their interactions with food and other medications. Therefore
the client should avoid foods that contain high amounts of tyramine. Raisins
contain low permissible amounts of tyramine. Therefore the client can eat
raisins. Corned beef contains high amounts of tyramine. Red wines such as
burgundy and sherry contain high amounts of tyramine. Foods made of
pepperoni also contain high contents of tyramine.
◍ A nurse provides nutrition instruction to the parents of a school-aged child
with celiac disease, including foods that their child may safely eat. What
foods selected by the parents indicate that the teaching has been
successful?1Apple crisp and milk2Hamburger patty and fries3Spaghetti and
meatballs4Chicken tenders and sauce.
Answer: 2Celiac disease impairs the body's ability to handle gluten.
Hamburgers, potatoes, and fat for cooking do not contain gluten. The "crisp"
in apple crisp is made with flour. Spaghetti is made of flour, and meatballs
, may have added bread crumbs. Chicken tenders are dipped in flour or
crumbs, both of which contain gluten.
◍ A client who takes daily megadoses of vitamins is hospitalized with joint
pain, loss of hair, yellow pigmentation of the skin, and an enlarged liver due
to vitamin toxicity. What type of toxicity does the nurse suspect?1Retinol
(vitamin A)2Thiamine (vitamin B1)3Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)4Ascorbic acid
(vitamin C).
Answer: 1Joint pain, hair loss, jaundice, anemia, irritability, pruritus, and
enlarged liver and spleen are signs of vitamin A toxicity. Unlike retinol,
which is lipid soluble and eliminated by the liver, thiamine, pyridoxine, and
ascorbic acid are water soluble, so they are typically excreted in the urine
before toxic blood levels can be achieved. However, excess thiamine may
elicit an allergic reaction in some individuals, excess vitamin C (ascorbic
acid) may cause diarrhea or renal calculi, and ultrahigh doses (about 800
times the normal dose) of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) can promote neuropathy.
Remember that lipid-soluble vitamins normally take longer to eliminate and
accumulate faster than water-soluble vitamins.
◍ A client develops a gallstone that becomes lodged in the common bile duct
and is scheduled for an endoscopic sphincterotomy. The client asks about
what type of anesthesia will be used for the procedure. What type of
anesthesia does the nurse describe?1Spinal anesthetic2Epidural
block3General anesthesia4Intravenous sedative.
Answer: 4During the procedure, a sedative is administered intravenously as
needed to help the client stay calm. A spinal anesthetic is not used during
this procedure. An epidural block is not used during this procedure. A
general anesthetic is not used during this procedure.
◍ A client has a low hemoglobin level that is attributed to a nutritional
deficiency. Which foods should the nurse teach the client to increase in the
diet? Select all that apply.1Liver2 Apples3 Carrots4 Cheese5Spinach.
Answer: 1, 5Liver and spinach are high in iron. The client needs iron for red
blood cell production and hemoglobin; a low hemoglobin indicates the
, client is anemic. Apples are high in fiber. Carrots are high in Vitamin A.
Cheese is high in calcium. Apples, carrots, and cheese are low in iron.
◍ A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney failure. What should the
nurse teach the client to limit the intake of to help control uremia associated
with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?1Fluid2Protein3Sodium4Potassium.
Answer: 2The waste products of protein metabolism are the main cause of
uremia. The degree of protein restriction is determined by the severity of the
disease. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent edema, heart failure,
or hypertension; fluid intake does not directly influence uremia. Sodium is
restricted to control fluid retention, not uremia. Potassium is restricted to
prevent hyperkalemia, not uremia.
◍ After taking spironolactone, the client inquires about foods and fluids that
contain potassium. Which juice should the nurse recommend?1Prune
juice2Orange juice3Tomato juice4Cranberry juice.
Answer: 4Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and foods high in
potassium should be avoided. Cranberry juice should be recommended
because it contains the least amount of potassium. Prune, orange, and
tomato juice are all high in potassium. Cranberry juice contains
approximately 46 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Apple juice contains
approximately 295 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Orange juice contains
approximately 496 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Tomato juice contains
approximately 535 mg of potassium per 8 ounces.
◍ A nurse is planning care for a client who gave birth to a preterm male infant.
Which response does the nurse anticipate that this mother may
experience?1Feelings of failure and loss of control2Thoughts related to guilt
and withdrawal3Fear of forming a healthy relationship with her son until he
is out of danger4Need for increased attachment behaviors because of her
son's life-threatening condition.
Answer: 1Attachment theory states that the experience of the birth of a
preterm infant carries with it feelings of loss of control for the mother.
Withdrawal from the situation is maladaptive and requires special help. A
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ An adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. The nurse plans to teach the
adolescent that dietary control and exercise can help regulate the disorder.
What additional information should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Select all that apply.1 Insulin therapy2 Prophylactic antibiotics3 Blood
glucose monitoring4 Oral hypoglycemic agents5 Adherence to the treatment
regimen.
Answer: 1, 3, 5Because clients with type 1 diabetes have little or no
endogenous insulin, they must take insulin. Blood glucose monitoring is an
important aspect of therapy because it aids evaluation of the effectiveness of
diabetic control. Dietary control and exercise reduce the amount of
exogenous insulin needed. Although adhering to the diabetic regimen is
difficult, especially for adolescents who need to identify with their peers, its
importance in promoting euglycemia should be discussed. Although
infection increases insulin requirements, prophylactic antibiotics are not
needed. Oral hypoglycemics are ineffective in stimulating insulin secretion
in clients with type 1 diabetes.
◍ A client with phosphate-based urinary calculi asks why aluminum hydroxide
gel has been prescribed. The nurse explains that the medication decreases
serum phosphorus by which action?1Binding with phosphorus in the
intestine2Preventing absorption of phosphorus in the stomach3Promoting
excretion of excessive urinary phosphorus4Dissolving stones as they pass
through the urinary tract.
Answer: 1Aluminum hydroxide binds phosphorus in the intestine,
preventing its absorption; this decreases serum phosphorus. Preventing
absorption of phosphorus in the stomach, promoting excretion of excessive
urinary phosphorus, and dissolving stones as they pass through the urinary
, tract are not actions of this drug.
◍ Which explanation should the nurse consider when formulating a response
to a client's inquiry about intussusception of the bowel?1Kinking of the
bowel onto itself2A band of connective tissue compressing the
bowel3Telescoping of a proximal loop of bowel into a distal loop4A
protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall that contains it.
Answer: 3Intussusception is the telescoping or prolapse of a segment of the
bowel into the lumen of an immediately connecting segment of the bowel.
Volvulus is a twisting of the bowel onto itself. Adhesions are bands of scar
tissue that can compress the bowel. Herniation describes protrusion of an
organ through the wall that contains it.
◍ The nurse teaches the client about foods to avoid while on phenelzine
therapy. Which response given by the client indicates the need for further
education?1"I should avoid raisins in my diet."2"I should avoid corned beef
in my diet."3"I should avoid burgundy and sherry in my diet."4"I should
avoid the foods that are made of pepperoni.".
Answer: 1Most adverse effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOAIs)
are caused by their interactions with food and other medications. Therefore
the client should avoid foods that contain high amounts of tyramine. Raisins
contain low permissible amounts of tyramine. Therefore the client can eat
raisins. Corned beef contains high amounts of tyramine. Red wines such as
burgundy and sherry contain high amounts of tyramine. Foods made of
pepperoni also contain high contents of tyramine.
◍ A nurse provides nutrition instruction to the parents of a school-aged child
with celiac disease, including foods that their child may safely eat. What
foods selected by the parents indicate that the teaching has been
successful?1Apple crisp and milk2Hamburger patty and fries3Spaghetti and
meatballs4Chicken tenders and sauce.
Answer: 2Celiac disease impairs the body's ability to handle gluten.
Hamburgers, potatoes, and fat for cooking do not contain gluten. The "crisp"
in apple crisp is made with flour. Spaghetti is made of flour, and meatballs
, may have added bread crumbs. Chicken tenders are dipped in flour or
crumbs, both of which contain gluten.
◍ A client who takes daily megadoses of vitamins is hospitalized with joint
pain, loss of hair, yellow pigmentation of the skin, and an enlarged liver due
to vitamin toxicity. What type of toxicity does the nurse suspect?1Retinol
(vitamin A)2Thiamine (vitamin B1)3Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)4Ascorbic acid
(vitamin C).
Answer: 1Joint pain, hair loss, jaundice, anemia, irritability, pruritus, and
enlarged liver and spleen are signs of vitamin A toxicity. Unlike retinol,
which is lipid soluble and eliminated by the liver, thiamine, pyridoxine, and
ascorbic acid are water soluble, so they are typically excreted in the urine
before toxic blood levels can be achieved. However, excess thiamine may
elicit an allergic reaction in some individuals, excess vitamin C (ascorbic
acid) may cause diarrhea or renal calculi, and ultrahigh doses (about 800
times the normal dose) of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) can promote neuropathy.
Remember that lipid-soluble vitamins normally take longer to eliminate and
accumulate faster than water-soluble vitamins.
◍ A client develops a gallstone that becomes lodged in the common bile duct
and is scheduled for an endoscopic sphincterotomy. The client asks about
what type of anesthesia will be used for the procedure. What type of
anesthesia does the nurse describe?1Spinal anesthetic2Epidural
block3General anesthesia4Intravenous sedative.
Answer: 4During the procedure, a sedative is administered intravenously as
needed to help the client stay calm. A spinal anesthetic is not used during
this procedure. An epidural block is not used during this procedure. A
general anesthetic is not used during this procedure.
◍ A client has a low hemoglobin level that is attributed to a nutritional
deficiency. Which foods should the nurse teach the client to increase in the
diet? Select all that apply.1Liver2 Apples3 Carrots4 Cheese5Spinach.
Answer: 1, 5Liver and spinach are high in iron. The client needs iron for red
blood cell production and hemoglobin; a low hemoglobin indicates the
, client is anemic. Apples are high in fiber. Carrots are high in Vitamin A.
Cheese is high in calcium. Apples, carrots, and cheese are low in iron.
◍ A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney failure. What should the
nurse teach the client to limit the intake of to help control uremia associated
with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?1Fluid2Protein3Sodium4Potassium.
Answer: 2The waste products of protein metabolism are the main cause of
uremia. The degree of protein restriction is determined by the severity of the
disease. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent edema, heart failure,
or hypertension; fluid intake does not directly influence uremia. Sodium is
restricted to control fluid retention, not uremia. Potassium is restricted to
prevent hyperkalemia, not uremia.
◍ After taking spironolactone, the client inquires about foods and fluids that
contain potassium. Which juice should the nurse recommend?1Prune
juice2Orange juice3Tomato juice4Cranberry juice.
Answer: 4Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and foods high in
potassium should be avoided. Cranberry juice should be recommended
because it contains the least amount of potassium. Prune, orange, and
tomato juice are all high in potassium. Cranberry juice contains
approximately 46 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Apple juice contains
approximately 295 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Orange juice contains
approximately 496 mg of potassium per 8 ounces. Tomato juice contains
approximately 535 mg of potassium per 8 ounces.
◍ A nurse is planning care for a client who gave birth to a preterm male infant.
Which response does the nurse anticipate that this mother may
experience?1Feelings of failure and loss of control2Thoughts related to guilt
and withdrawal3Fear of forming a healthy relationship with her son until he
is out of danger4Need for increased attachment behaviors because of her
son's life-threatening condition.
Answer: 1Attachment theory states that the experience of the birth of a
preterm infant carries with it feelings of loss of control for the mother.
Withdrawal from the situation is maladaptive and requires special help. A
