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NSG 527 FINAL EXAM
2026||ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Reticular activating system (RAS) - correct-answer -• Involved in arousal and
sleep- the "toggle switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
• Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing,
perspiration, swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
Hypothalamus - correct-answer -• Bridges internal homeostasis and outside
environment
• Involved with raw emotions of pleasure, reward, aversion, and rage
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• Regulates the autonomic nervous system and secretion of pituitary hormones
• Involved in hunger, thirst, water balance, regulation of temperature, circadian
rhythms, and stress response
Thalamus - correct-answer -• Gaits information to the neocortex
• Processes information coming from the 5 senses and information coming from
the amygdala and cerebellum before it goes to the neocortex
• Involved in wakefulness, sleep, and pain perception
Amygdala - correct-answer -• Anxiety and anger
• Generates rudimentary emotions such as fear, rage, religious ecstasy, and
sexual desire
• Surveys the environment
• Regulates fear and response to stress
• Evaluates expression of friendliness, fear, love, affection, distrust, and anger
• Contributes to emotional memories, especially fear
• Seeks attachment indiscriminately
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Insula - correct-answer -• Involved in negative emotions: disgust, pain, hunger,
empathy, and callousness
Cingulate cortex - correct-answer -• Links emotions to actions and predicts the
consequences of actions.
• Involved in experiencing intense love, anger, or lost.
• Activated when mother here's her infant cry.
• Involved into detecting how others feel and reaching to others emotions.
• Registers social rejection.
• Adjust behavior to social context.
Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus - correct-answer -the memory
structures
• regulates information coming to the neocortex.
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• Involved in memory, learning, long-term memories, and retrieval of
information.
• Builds cognitive maps of individual in relation to time, place, and past and
present experiences.
• Assigns the time and place to an event.
Septal nuclei - correct-answer -Quiets and dampens down responses of rage.
• Involves in socialization and development of enduring emotional attachments.
• Regulates hippocampal memory related activity.
• Involved in pleasure and reward
Nucleus accumbens - correct-answer -Modulates the limbic system.
• Involved in reward and pleasure circuit.
Cingulate gyrus - correct-answer -integrates emotional information and cognition
before conveying that information to the hypothalamus in neocortex.
NSG 527 FINAL EXAM
2026||ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Reticular activating system (RAS) - correct-answer -• Involved in arousal and
sleep- the "toggle switch"
• Switches the cerebral cortex on when individual is relaxed
• Switches limbic system on when there is a threat
• Regulates thalamus and cortex activities that are involved in emotions
• Involved in processing pain and in regulation of heartrate, breathing,
perspiration, swallowing, coughing, salivation, urination, and sexual arousal
Hypothalamus - correct-answer -• Bridges internal homeostasis and outside
environment
• Involved with raw emotions of pleasure, reward, aversion, and rage
,2|Page
• Regulates the autonomic nervous system and secretion of pituitary hormones
• Involved in hunger, thirst, water balance, regulation of temperature, circadian
rhythms, and stress response
Thalamus - correct-answer -• Gaits information to the neocortex
• Processes information coming from the 5 senses and information coming from
the amygdala and cerebellum before it goes to the neocortex
• Involved in wakefulness, sleep, and pain perception
Amygdala - correct-answer -• Anxiety and anger
• Generates rudimentary emotions such as fear, rage, religious ecstasy, and
sexual desire
• Surveys the environment
• Regulates fear and response to stress
• Evaluates expression of friendliness, fear, love, affection, distrust, and anger
• Contributes to emotional memories, especially fear
• Seeks attachment indiscriminately
,3|Page
Insula - correct-answer -• Involved in negative emotions: disgust, pain, hunger,
empathy, and callousness
Cingulate cortex - correct-answer -• Links emotions to actions and predicts the
consequences of actions.
• Involved in experiencing intense love, anger, or lost.
• Activated when mother here's her infant cry.
• Involved into detecting how others feel and reaching to others emotions.
• Registers social rejection.
• Adjust behavior to social context.
Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus - correct-answer -the memory
structures
• regulates information coming to the neocortex.
, 4|Page
• Involved in memory, learning, long-term memories, and retrieval of
information.
• Builds cognitive maps of individual in relation to time, place, and past and
present experiences.
• Assigns the time and place to an event.
Septal nuclei - correct-answer -Quiets and dampens down responses of rage.
• Involves in socialization and development of enduring emotional attachments.
• Regulates hippocampal memory related activity.
• Involved in pleasure and reward
Nucleus accumbens - correct-answer -Modulates the limbic system.
• Involved in reward and pleasure circuit.
Cingulate gyrus - correct-answer -integrates emotional information and cognition
before conveying that information to the hypothalamus in neocortex.
