LEHNE PHARM MUSCLE SPASM & SPASTICITY
PHARMACOTHERAPY EXAM WELL REVISED READY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2026-2027 A+ GRADED.
1. Muscle spasm is best defined as:
A. Permanent loss of muscle tone
B. Sudden involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle
C. Degeneration of motor neurons
D. Loss of neuromuscular transmission
Muscle spasm refers to acute, involuntary, often painful contractions of
muscle.
2. Spasticity is most commonly associated with:
A. Peripheral nerve injury
B. Muscle tear
C. Upper motor neuron lesions
D. Myopathy
Spasticity results from CNS (UMN) damage leading to increased tone.
3. A key feature distinguishing spasticity from spasm is:
A. Pain severity
B. Chronic increased muscle tone with hyperreflexia
C. Sudden onset only
D. Muscle rupture
Spasticity is long-term and neurologically driven.
4. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with inhibitory motor control in
the spinal cord?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
, C. Serotonin
D. GABA
GABA reduces motor neuron excitability.
5. Baclofen primarily acts as a:
A. NMDA antagonist
B. Dopamine agonist
C. GABA-B receptor agonist
D. Opioid agonist
Baclofen reduces excitatory neurotransmission in the spinal cord.
6. Diazepam reduces spasticity by:
A. Blocking sodium channels
B. Enhancing GABA-A receptor activity
C. Inhibiting acetylcholine release
D. Blocking calcium channels
Benzodiazepines increase GABA-mediated inhibition.
7. Tizanidine is classified as:
A. Peripheral muscle relaxant
B. NMJ blocker
C. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
D. Opioid agonist
It reduces excitatory neurotransmission in spinal cord.
8. Dantrolene works by:
A. CNS sedation
B. Blocking GABA receptors
C. Inhibiting calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Blocking dopamine receptors
It acts directly on skeletal muscle.
9. Botulinum toxin acts by:
A. Blocking GABA
B. Enhancing calcium influx
, C. Inhibiting acetylcholine release at NMJ
D. Activating sodium channels
Leads to flaccid paralysis of injected muscle.
10.Cyclobenzaprine is structurally related to:
A. Opioids
B. Benzodiazepines
C. Tricyclic antidepressants
D. Barbiturates
Explains its sedative side effects.
11.Most skeletal muscle relaxants act primarily in the:
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Central nervous system
D. Heart
Except dantrolene and botulinum toxin.
12.Which drug is most associated with hepatotoxicity?
A. Baclofen
B. Diazepam
C. Dantrolene
D. Tizanidine
Requires liver monitoring.
13.A major adverse effect of baclofen is:
A. Hypertension
B. Sedation
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bronchodilation
CNS depression is common.
14.Abrupt withdrawal of baclofen may cause:
A. Hypotension
B. Seizures and hallucinations
PHARMACOTHERAPY EXAM WELL REVISED READY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2026-2027 A+ GRADED.
1. Muscle spasm is best defined as:
A. Permanent loss of muscle tone
B. Sudden involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle
C. Degeneration of motor neurons
D. Loss of neuromuscular transmission
Muscle spasm refers to acute, involuntary, often painful contractions of
muscle.
2. Spasticity is most commonly associated with:
A. Peripheral nerve injury
B. Muscle tear
C. Upper motor neuron lesions
D. Myopathy
Spasticity results from CNS (UMN) damage leading to increased tone.
3. A key feature distinguishing spasticity from spasm is:
A. Pain severity
B. Chronic increased muscle tone with hyperreflexia
C. Sudden onset only
D. Muscle rupture
Spasticity is long-term and neurologically driven.
4. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with inhibitory motor control in
the spinal cord?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
, C. Serotonin
D. GABA
GABA reduces motor neuron excitability.
5. Baclofen primarily acts as a:
A. NMDA antagonist
B. Dopamine agonist
C. GABA-B receptor agonist
D. Opioid agonist
Baclofen reduces excitatory neurotransmission in the spinal cord.
6. Diazepam reduces spasticity by:
A. Blocking sodium channels
B. Enhancing GABA-A receptor activity
C. Inhibiting acetylcholine release
D. Blocking calcium channels
Benzodiazepines increase GABA-mediated inhibition.
7. Tizanidine is classified as:
A. Peripheral muscle relaxant
B. NMJ blocker
C. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
D. Opioid agonist
It reduces excitatory neurotransmission in spinal cord.
8. Dantrolene works by:
A. CNS sedation
B. Blocking GABA receptors
C. Inhibiting calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Blocking dopamine receptors
It acts directly on skeletal muscle.
9. Botulinum toxin acts by:
A. Blocking GABA
B. Enhancing calcium influx
, C. Inhibiting acetylcholine release at NMJ
D. Activating sodium channels
Leads to flaccid paralysis of injected muscle.
10.Cyclobenzaprine is structurally related to:
A. Opioids
B. Benzodiazepines
C. Tricyclic antidepressants
D. Barbiturates
Explains its sedative side effects.
11.Most skeletal muscle relaxants act primarily in the:
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Central nervous system
D. Heart
Except dantrolene and botulinum toxin.
12.Which drug is most associated with hepatotoxicity?
A. Baclofen
B. Diazepam
C. Dantrolene
D. Tizanidine
Requires liver monitoring.
13.A major adverse effect of baclofen is:
A. Hypertension
B. Sedation
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bronchodilation
CNS depression is common.
14.Abrupt withdrawal of baclofen may cause:
A. Hypotension
B. Seizures and hallucinations
