CMN 552 Module 5 Primary Study Guide University of South Alabama

CMN 552
Module 5
Primary Study Guide
University of South Alabama

, CMN 552 – Module 5 Reading/Study Guide zx zx zx zx zx zx




Transcultural Nursing D zx z x zx




SM 5:zx




1. Define culture. zx




ross generations. Culture includes language, rel i
z x Sz x zx zx zx zx zx zx




gion and spirituality, family structures, life-
zx zx zx zx




cycle stages, ceremonial rituals, customs, and ways of understanding
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




health and illness, as well as moral, political, economic, and legal systems. Cultures ar
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




e open, zx




dynamic systems that undergo continuous change over time; in the conte m zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




porary world, most individuals and groups are exposed to multiple cultural contexts
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




, which they use to fashion their
zx zx zx zx zx zx




own identities and make sense of experience. This pr zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ocess of meaning- zx zx




making derives from developmental and everyday social experiences in specific cont e
zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




xts, including health care, which may vary for each individual. Much of culture invol ves
zx zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




background knowledge, values, and assumptions that remain implicit or presum ed an zx zx zx z x zx zx zx WS zx zx zx




d so may be difficult for individuals to describe. These features of culture make it crucia
zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx zx zx




l not to overgeneralize cultural information or stereotype groups in terms of fi xed cultur
zx WS zx zx zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx




al traits. In relation to diagnosis, it is essential to recognize that all forms of illness and d
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx




istress, including the DSM disorders, are shaped by cultural contexts.
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




Culture influences how individuals fashion their identities, as well as how they interpret an d
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx z




x respond to symptoms and illness.
z x zx zx zx zx




2. Define ethnicity. Ethnicity is a culturally constructed group identity used to define peoples and com
zx zx WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS




munities. It may b e rooted in WS WS zx zx zx zx




a common history, ancestry, geography, language, religion, or other shared characteri sti
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




cs of a group, which
zx zx zx distinguish that group from others. Ethnicity may be self-
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




assigned or attributed by outsiders. Increasing zx zx zx zx zx




mobility, intermarriage, and intermixing of cultural g zx zx zx zx zx zx




roups have defined new mixed, multiple, or hybrid ethnic
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




identities. These processes may also le ad to the dilu zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




tion of ethnic identification.
zx zx zx




3. What does culture refer to in the Cultural Formation Interview (CFI)?
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




● The processes through which individuals assign meaning to experience, drawing from the v
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




alues,
orientations, knowledge, and practices of the diverse social groups (e.g., ethnic gr zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




oups, faith groups, zx zx




occupational groups, veterans’groups) and communities in which t hey participate. zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




● Aspects of individuals’background, developmental experiences, and current social context s zx zx x
z zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




and position that affect their perspective, such as age, gender, social class, geographi zx WS WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




c origin, migration, language, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or ethnic or racialize
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




d background. zx




● The influence of family, friends, and other community members (particularly, the individual’ s s
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ocial network) on the individual’s illness experience. zx zx zx zx zx




● The cultural background of the health care providers and the values and assumptions embe dd
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ed in the organization and practices of health care systems and institutions that may aff ect t
zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx WS




he clinical interaction. zx z x z x




4. Identify the components of culture. zx zx zx zx




5. What are culture syndromes? zx zx zx




Cultural syndromes are clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx




occur among individuals in zx zx zx




specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts and that are re c zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ognized locally as coherent patterns of zx experience. zx zx zx zx




Sadock:
6. What is altruism? zx zx




Altruism is a secular term referring to a selfless obligation of benevolence, respect, and caring for hu ma
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx

, nkind,
all living creatures, and the environment. Philanthropists and those who selflessly feed t he
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx z




hungry, clothe the
x zx zx




naked, preserve and improve the environment, shelter the homeless, care f or the sick, pr
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




otect the defenseless,
zx zx




assist the weak, and enlighten the uneducated rightfully feel t hat they have accrued spirit
WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ual merits for their
zx good deeds and attain a sense of meaningfulness in their lives.
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




7. Define culture.
zx

, Culture is defined as a set of meanings, norms, beliefs, values, and behavior patterns shared by a g rou
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




p of zx




people. These values include social relationships, language, nonverbal expression of thoug hts zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




and emotions,
zx zx




moral and religious beliefs, rituals, technology, and economic beliefs and practi ces, among o zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ther items. zx




8. Discuss the relationship between race and physiognomy. zx zx zx zx zx zx




Race is a concept that entails people being grouped primarily by physiognomy.Although the scientific vali
zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




dity
of the concept is now considered highly questionable, its impact on individuals and group s,
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




however, is intense, zx zx




due to its reference to physical, biological, and genetic underpinnings, and because of the int zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx




ensely emotional meanings and responses it generates.
zx zx zx zx WS




9. What are models of mental illness? zx zx zx zx zx




10. What factors comprise cultural identity? zx zx zx zx




Cultural identity refers to the characteristics shared by a person’s cultural group. Identity allows f or
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




a self- zx




definition. Factors that comprise an individual’s cultural identity include race, ethnicity, country of o rigi
zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




n, language use, religious and tradition-
z x z x zx zx zx zx




nourished beliefs, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, migration history, experience of accult ur
zx zx zx zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx




ation, and the degree of affiliation with the individual’s group of origin. Cultural identity emerges t hrou
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx




ghout the individual’s life and in social context. It is not a fixed trait of an individual or of
zx zx the gr oup of zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx




which the individual is part. An individual may have several cultural reference groups.
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




Evaluating the cultural identity of the patient allows identification of potential areas of strength an d s zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




upport W




that may enhance treatment effectiveness, as well as vulnerabilities that may interfere w ith zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




the progress of treatment. Eliciting these data permits identification of unresolved cultural conflic ts tha
zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




t may be addressed during treatment. These conflicts can be between the various aspects of the patie
WS zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




nt’s identity and between traditional and mainstream cultural values, as well as behavioral expectation
zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




s affecting the individual.
zx zx zx




Knowledge of the patient’s cultural identity allows the clinician to avoid misconceptions based on ina de
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




quate
background information or stereotypes related to race, ethnicity, and other aspects of cul tur zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




al identity. In zx zx




addition, it assists in building rapport because the clinician is attempting to under stand the zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




individual as a zx zx




person and not just as a representative of the cultural groups that have shaped the patient zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx




’s identity zx




11. What three concepts assist in a culturally competent evaluation?
zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx




Cultural Syndrome defined as a cluster or group of cooccurring symptoms found in a specific cultural gro
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




up,
community, or context. The syndrome may or may not be recognized as an illness within t he zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




culture (e.g., it zx zx




might be labeled differently) but may nevertheless occur and be recognized by a n outside obs zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




erver. DSM-5 includes in its Appendix, nine more or less well-
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




delineated cultural syndromes (Ataque de nervios, Dhat, syndrome, Khyâl cap, Kufungisisa, Malad i
zx zx zx zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx z x zx




moun, Nervios, Shenjing shuairuo, Susto and Tajin kyofusho), that are connected to conditions in oth
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx




er cultural contexts and specific diagnoses in DSM-5.
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




Cultural Idiom of Distress is a linguistic term, phrase or way of talking about suffering, shared w ith
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx




other people from the same culture (i.e., ethnicity, religion, community) and used to express, c omm
z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




unicate, or comment on distress in general. An idiom of distress need not be associated with specific
zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




symptoms, syndromes, or causal explanations. It may be used to convey a wide range of uncomfort
z x zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




able, emotional pain or social shakiness including subclinical conditions or everyday ex periences th
zx zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




at do not necessarily constitute
WS zx mental disorders. zx zx z x z x zx




Causal attribution is a label, an attempt at explaining or ascertaining the causes of the symptoms
zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




, illness, or distress. Causal explanations may be part of folk classifications of disease used by lay pe
zx zx z x zx zx zx zx zx WS zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ople or healers, which, in a good number of cases, may provide temporary relief.
zx zx zx z x z x zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




12. Distinguish between the potential outcomes of acculturative stress: separation, integration, a zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx




ssimilation, and marginalization. zx




Separation is characterized by individuals’wishes, both conscious and intuitive, to maintain their cult zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx zx