BIOD 101 MODULE 6 EXAM CELLULAR AND
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY BREAKDOWN 2026
◉ Phylogeny. Answer: a strategy through which scientists trace the
evolutionary history and diversification of a group or species
◉ phylogenic tree. Answer: a branching diagram that shows the
relationship between different levels of Linnaean classification taxa.
They provide a visual representation of dichotomies concerning
evolutionary relationships and enables scientists to unite phylogeny
with the classic Linnaean classification systems
◉ sister taxa. Answer: The branches that arise from the shared point
represent different species
◉ rooted tree. Answer: node or "root" that is shared between the
leaves on the tree. The leaves are meant to represent all the
organisms that have a shared evolutionary link to the main, node
◉ unrooted tree. Answer: illustrates levels of relatedness without
making hypothesis about common or shared ancestry
, ◉ Archaea. Answer: Members of this domain are single-celled,
microscopic organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure and
reproduce by binary fission.
◉ plasmids. Answer: instead have a nucleoid region with single,
circular DNA containing structures
◉ Ribosomal RNA. Answer: molecules that facilitate the assembly of
amino acids in a protein chain and form ribosomes within the cell. It
is necessary component for all living cells to synthesize proteins
◉ pseudopeptidoglycan. Answer: these cells have walls, but the
composition is different from that of the other two domains,
characterized by membranes composed of branched, hydrocarbon
chains attached to a glycerol via ether linkages
◉ extremophiles. Answer: Although most Archaea are found in
normal environmental conditions, a small subset are known to
thrive in extreme environments. For Example, thrive in higher
temperatures such as volcanos, halophiles can be found in extremely
saline environments such as the Dead Sea, and psychrophiles which
thrive in arctic temperatures such as the tundra of Antarctica.
◉ Eubacteria. Answer: also called Bacteria, are single-celled
bacteria. their cellular structure is prokaryotic; they reproduce by
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY BREAKDOWN 2026
◉ Phylogeny. Answer: a strategy through which scientists trace the
evolutionary history and diversification of a group or species
◉ phylogenic tree. Answer: a branching diagram that shows the
relationship between different levels of Linnaean classification taxa.
They provide a visual representation of dichotomies concerning
evolutionary relationships and enables scientists to unite phylogeny
with the classic Linnaean classification systems
◉ sister taxa. Answer: The branches that arise from the shared point
represent different species
◉ rooted tree. Answer: node or "root" that is shared between the
leaves on the tree. The leaves are meant to represent all the
organisms that have a shared evolutionary link to the main, node
◉ unrooted tree. Answer: illustrates levels of relatedness without
making hypothesis about common or shared ancestry
, ◉ Archaea. Answer: Members of this domain are single-celled,
microscopic organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure and
reproduce by binary fission.
◉ plasmids. Answer: instead have a nucleoid region with single,
circular DNA containing structures
◉ Ribosomal RNA. Answer: molecules that facilitate the assembly of
amino acids in a protein chain and form ribosomes within the cell. It
is necessary component for all living cells to synthesize proteins
◉ pseudopeptidoglycan. Answer: these cells have walls, but the
composition is different from that of the other two domains,
characterized by membranes composed of branched, hydrocarbon
chains attached to a glycerol via ether linkages
◉ extremophiles. Answer: Although most Archaea are found in
normal environmental conditions, a small subset are known to
thrive in extreme environments. For Example, thrive in higher
temperatures such as volcanos, halophiles can be found in extremely
saline environments such as the Dead Sea, and psychrophiles which
thrive in arctic temperatures such as the tundra of Antarctica.
◉ Eubacteria. Answer: also called Bacteria, are single-celled
bacteria. their cellular structure is prokaryotic; they reproduce by
