UTA MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 2 (CH.
4,5,6) STUDY GUIDE WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2026
COMPLETE REVIEW PACKAGE
◉ Microbiomes.
Answer: -The diverse communities of bacteria that live on or within the
body and are essential to bodily function.
-prokaryotes + eukaryote microbes = microbiome
-differ btwn different sites and organisms
-resident: natural there
-transient: not there or there for a short while
◉ Mutualism.
Answer: -both are benefitted
-ex: gut nutrient metabolism
◉ Amensalism.
Answer: -A is harmed and B is unaffected
-ex: antimicrobial defense on skin
◉ Commensalism.
Answer: -A is benefitted and B is unaffected
-ex: skin cells as food source
,◉ Neutralism.
Answer: -both are unaffected
-ex:spores in soil
◉ Parasitism.
Answer: -A is benefitted and B is harmed
-ex: tuberculosis, leprosy, etc.
◉ Taxonomy of Prokaryotes.
Answer: -do not reproduce sexually
-not many distinctive morphological features
-molecular, biochemical, microscopi, and nucleotide sequences together
is best approach
◉ Gram Negative Phyla.
Answer: -Proteobacteria
-Spirochete
-CFB group
-Planctomycetes
-Phototrophic bacteria
◉ Gram Postitive Phyla.
,Answer: -Actinobacteria
-Firmicutes
◉ Atypical.
Answer: -neither
-tenericutes
◉ Alphaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram (-) proteobacteria
-oligotrophs: lives in low nutrient environments
-obligate intracellular and must have host to be metabolically active
-Rickettsia spp.: causative agent for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
typhus fever, transmitted from tick, others spread through lice
-Chlamydia spp.: causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum
(STD), spreads rapidly, endospore like
◉ Agrobacterium.
Answer: -gram-negative bacillus
-plant pathogen, one species
-A.tumefaciens causes tumors in plants
◉ Rhizobium.
Answer: -gram-negative, rectangular bacilli with rounded ends forming
clusters
, - nitrogen fixing batters that live in soil and form symbiotic relationship
with roots of legumes
◉ Betaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram (-) proteobacteria
-eutrophs: require many nutrients (copiotrophs)
-Bordetella spp.: causative agents with whooping cough (pertussis) and
kneel cough (dogs), produce toxins to paralyze lung cilia
-Neisseria gonorrhea: causative agent for gonorrhea STD, painful peeing
-Neisseria meningitides: causative agent for bacterial meningitis,
difficult to culture, typically live off our blood
◉ Gammaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram negative
-most diverse
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa - common infection of wounds, urinary tract,
& respiratory tract
-Pasteurella haemolytica - causative agent for severe pneumonia in
animals
-Haemophilus influenza - causative agent for upper & lower respiratory
infections (does not cause influenza)
-Vibrio spp. - commonly found in alkaline environments such as ocean
ports & lagoons, gastrointestinal disease, cellulitis, blood-borne
infections
-Vibrio cholera - causative agent of cholera and common to water
contamination
4,5,6) STUDY GUIDE WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2026
COMPLETE REVIEW PACKAGE
◉ Microbiomes.
Answer: -The diverse communities of bacteria that live on or within the
body and are essential to bodily function.
-prokaryotes + eukaryote microbes = microbiome
-differ btwn different sites and organisms
-resident: natural there
-transient: not there or there for a short while
◉ Mutualism.
Answer: -both are benefitted
-ex: gut nutrient metabolism
◉ Amensalism.
Answer: -A is harmed and B is unaffected
-ex: antimicrobial defense on skin
◉ Commensalism.
Answer: -A is benefitted and B is unaffected
-ex: skin cells as food source
,◉ Neutralism.
Answer: -both are unaffected
-ex:spores in soil
◉ Parasitism.
Answer: -A is benefitted and B is harmed
-ex: tuberculosis, leprosy, etc.
◉ Taxonomy of Prokaryotes.
Answer: -do not reproduce sexually
-not many distinctive morphological features
-molecular, biochemical, microscopi, and nucleotide sequences together
is best approach
◉ Gram Negative Phyla.
Answer: -Proteobacteria
-Spirochete
-CFB group
-Planctomycetes
-Phototrophic bacteria
◉ Gram Postitive Phyla.
,Answer: -Actinobacteria
-Firmicutes
◉ Atypical.
Answer: -neither
-tenericutes
◉ Alphaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram (-) proteobacteria
-oligotrophs: lives in low nutrient environments
-obligate intracellular and must have host to be metabolically active
-Rickettsia spp.: causative agent for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
typhus fever, transmitted from tick, others spread through lice
-Chlamydia spp.: causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum
(STD), spreads rapidly, endospore like
◉ Agrobacterium.
Answer: -gram-negative bacillus
-plant pathogen, one species
-A.tumefaciens causes tumors in plants
◉ Rhizobium.
Answer: -gram-negative, rectangular bacilli with rounded ends forming
clusters
, - nitrogen fixing batters that live in soil and form symbiotic relationship
with roots of legumes
◉ Betaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram (-) proteobacteria
-eutrophs: require many nutrients (copiotrophs)
-Bordetella spp.: causative agents with whooping cough (pertussis) and
kneel cough (dogs), produce toxins to paralyze lung cilia
-Neisseria gonorrhea: causative agent for gonorrhea STD, painful peeing
-Neisseria meningitides: causative agent for bacterial meningitis,
difficult to culture, typically live off our blood
◉ Gammaproteobacteria.
Answer: -gram negative
-most diverse
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa - common infection of wounds, urinary tract,
& respiratory tract
-Pasteurella haemolytica - causative agent for severe pneumonia in
animals
-Haemophilus influenza - causative agent for upper & lower respiratory
infections (does not cause influenza)
-Vibrio spp. - commonly found in alkaline environments such as ocean
ports & lagoons, gastrointestinal disease, cellulitis, blood-borne
infections
-Vibrio cholera - causative agent of cholera and common to water
contamination
