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Chronic Illness Paper
Marc Junchaya
Department of Nursing, William Paterson University
NUR 4271-061: Health Indicators Seminar
Professor Daria B. Napierkowski
October 25, 2020
, End-Stage Renal Disease or ESRD, is a condition in which Chronic Kidney Disease or
CKD, has progressed to the extent that there is irreversible damage to the kidneys, making them
unable to function and threaten the patient’s life. This disease can drastically affect all aspects of
a patient’s life, causing psychological stress, intense physiological changes, and altering quality
of life. In order to better provide for our patients, it is vital to understand how this disease affects
the nation as a whole, as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and major ongoing
aspects of treatment. Nursing practices for ESRD should be identified and supported through
evidence-based practice. We should analyze how psychosocial aspects of life can be related to
the disease. Finally, we should identify aspects of teaching that can address the individual
concerns of the client, their family, and the community as a whole.
ESRD greatly impacts the health of both the individuals of the nation as well as in our own
communities. In 2016 The incidences for ESRD in the nation was 386 patients per million U.S.
residents and the mortality rate was 194 patients per 1,000 U.S. residents (CKD Surveillance
System, 2020.). In our own state of New Jersey, the incidences of ESRD is forty patients per
100,000 state residents, and with a mortality rate of six patients per 100,000 state residents (CKD
Surveillance System, 2020). Incidences of ESRD are more prevalent in some vulnerable
populations, showing that some individuals may be more at risk. One research study took a
sample of African American residents in Alabama and found they were four times more likely
for developing ESRD, and seventeen times more likely to develop hypertension, compared to
white members of the population (Sanchez et al., 2018). This shows how vulnerable this
population is to ESRD, as African Americans have been proven to be more susceptible to this
disease compared to any other ethnic groups, as wells as having worse disease outcomes. Gender
also plays a role in the prevalence of ESRD, as males seem to have higher mortality rates