Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology Review:
Blood, Heart, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory
System UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What type of blood vessels function in the exchange of materials? - CORRECT ANSWER Capillaries
What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Arteries
True or False: Most arterioles are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER False
True or False: The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the arterioles. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False: True capillaries have precapillary sphincters at their site of origin. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False: Arteries contain valves that function to prevent the backflow of blood. - CORRECT ANSWER False
True or False: Venules function in the exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER True
True or False: Pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
What term describes a weakness of an arterial wall resulting in a ballooning out of an artery? - CORRECT
ANSWER Aneurysm
What causes depolarization of myocardial contractile cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Fast voltage-gated Na+
channels opening allowing Na+ to flow into the cell.
What causes repolarization of myocardial contractile cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Rapid voltage-gated K+
channels opening allowing K+ to flow out of the cell.
What ion level is increased by digitalis to increase the heart's contractile strength? - CORRECT ANSWER Ca2+
What nerve carries parasympathetic neurons to the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Vagus nerve
What neurotransmitter does the vagus nerve release? - CORRECT ANSWER ACh
What effect does ACh have on heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Decreases heart rate
What nerve carries sympathetic neurons to the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac nerve
What neurotransmitter does the cardiac nerve release? - CORRECT ANSWER Norepinephrine
What effect does norepinephrine have on heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Increases heart rate
Failure of which ventricle causes blood to back up in the veins from systemic circulation? - CORRECT
ANSWER Right ventricle
What is the state of a red blood cell in the left atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygenated
What valve does a red blood cell pass through after the left atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER Bicuspid or mitral
valve
, What is the term for the volume of blood in a ventricle just before it contracts? - CORRECT ANSWER End
Diastolic Volume or Preload
What is the term for the volume of blood that remains in a ventricle after it has finished contracting? - CORRECT
ANSWER End Systolic Volume
What is the pacemaker of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Sinoatrial (SA) Node
What is a heart murmur? - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal heart sound produced by abnormal blood flow
What is an ectopic pacemaker? - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal pacemaker where action potentials originate
in an area other than the SA node
What is the term for a blood clot transported in the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER Embolism
What is the term for a stationary blood clot? - CORRECT ANSWER Thrombus
What law states that increased end-diastolic volume causes an increase in stroke volume? - CORRECT
ANSWER Frank Starling Law of the heart
What do gap junctions allow in the cardiac musculature? - CORRECT ANSWER They allow the depolarization
wave to spread and function as a functional syncytium
What allows the depolarization wave to spread through the cardiac musculature? - CORRECT ANSWER Gap
junctions
What is the term for drugs that affect the force of cardiac contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER Inotropic
What is the term for drugs that affect the heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Chronotropic
What is the term for drugs that affect conduction velocity through the heart's conducting tissues? - CORRECT
ANSWER Dromotropic
What hormone is secreted by specialized myocardial cells in response to increased stretch due to a rise in blood volume
and pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)
What hormone is secreted by specialized myocardial cells in the atria in response to increased stretching due to a rise in
blood volume and pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP)
What provides electrical insulation to separate the atrial mass from the ventricular mass? - CORRECT
ANSWER Fibrous Skeleton
What neurotransmitter do sympathetic neurons release that binds to β1 receptors in the heart? - CORRECT
ANSWER Norepinephrine
What is the second messenger produced when β1 receptors are activated? - CORRECT ANSWER cAMP
What is the muscular bundle connecting the right and left atrial walls called? - CORRECT ANSWER Bachmann's
bundle or interatrial bundle
What is the innermost layer of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWER Endocardium
What term describes an abnormally slow heartbeat at rest, slower than 60 beats per minute? - CORRECT
ANSWER Bradycardia
What is the contraction phase of the ventricles referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Systole
Can a person with type A- blood receive blood from Type A+ and A-? - CORRECT ANSWER False
Blood, Heart, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory
System UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What type of blood vessels function in the exchange of materials? - CORRECT ANSWER Capillaries
What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Arteries
True or False: Most arterioles are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER False
True or False: The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the arterioles. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False: True capillaries have precapillary sphincters at their site of origin. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False: Arteries contain valves that function to prevent the backflow of blood. - CORRECT ANSWER False
True or False: Venules function in the exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER True
True or False: Pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
What term describes a weakness of an arterial wall resulting in a ballooning out of an artery? - CORRECT
ANSWER Aneurysm
What causes depolarization of myocardial contractile cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Fast voltage-gated Na+
channels opening allowing Na+ to flow into the cell.
What causes repolarization of myocardial contractile cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Rapid voltage-gated K+
channels opening allowing K+ to flow out of the cell.
What ion level is increased by digitalis to increase the heart's contractile strength? - CORRECT ANSWER Ca2+
What nerve carries parasympathetic neurons to the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Vagus nerve
What neurotransmitter does the vagus nerve release? - CORRECT ANSWER ACh
What effect does ACh have on heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Decreases heart rate
What nerve carries sympathetic neurons to the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac nerve
What neurotransmitter does the cardiac nerve release? - CORRECT ANSWER Norepinephrine
What effect does norepinephrine have on heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Increases heart rate
Failure of which ventricle causes blood to back up in the veins from systemic circulation? - CORRECT
ANSWER Right ventricle
What is the state of a red blood cell in the left atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygenated
What valve does a red blood cell pass through after the left atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER Bicuspid or mitral
valve
, What is the term for the volume of blood in a ventricle just before it contracts? - CORRECT ANSWER End
Diastolic Volume or Preload
What is the term for the volume of blood that remains in a ventricle after it has finished contracting? - CORRECT
ANSWER End Systolic Volume
What is the pacemaker of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Sinoatrial (SA) Node
What is a heart murmur? - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal heart sound produced by abnormal blood flow
What is an ectopic pacemaker? - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal pacemaker where action potentials originate
in an area other than the SA node
What is the term for a blood clot transported in the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER Embolism
What is the term for a stationary blood clot? - CORRECT ANSWER Thrombus
What law states that increased end-diastolic volume causes an increase in stroke volume? - CORRECT
ANSWER Frank Starling Law of the heart
What do gap junctions allow in the cardiac musculature? - CORRECT ANSWER They allow the depolarization
wave to spread and function as a functional syncytium
What allows the depolarization wave to spread through the cardiac musculature? - CORRECT ANSWER Gap
junctions
What is the term for drugs that affect the force of cardiac contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER Inotropic
What is the term for drugs that affect the heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Chronotropic
What is the term for drugs that affect conduction velocity through the heart's conducting tissues? - CORRECT
ANSWER Dromotropic
What hormone is secreted by specialized myocardial cells in response to increased stretch due to a rise in blood volume
and pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)
What hormone is secreted by specialized myocardial cells in the atria in response to increased stretching due to a rise in
blood volume and pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP)
What provides electrical insulation to separate the atrial mass from the ventricular mass? - CORRECT
ANSWER Fibrous Skeleton
What neurotransmitter do sympathetic neurons release that binds to β1 receptors in the heart? - CORRECT
ANSWER Norepinephrine
What is the second messenger produced when β1 receptors are activated? - CORRECT ANSWER cAMP
What is the muscular bundle connecting the right and left atrial walls called? - CORRECT ANSWER Bachmann's
bundle or interatrial bundle
What is the innermost layer of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWER Endocardium
What term describes an abnormally slow heartbeat at rest, slower than 60 beats per minute? - CORRECT
ANSWER Bradycardia
What is the contraction phase of the ventricles referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Systole
Can a person with type A- blood receive blood from Type A+ and A-? - CORRECT ANSWER False
