BIO 115 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
EXAM 1 ORGANIZERS
Lecture 1: Biology and Learning
1. Process of Learning
Encoding Encoding
Stimulus Sensory memory STM LTM
Reterival
Forgotten if not Forgotten if not
practiced practiced
2. Types of Memory
Sensory STM LTM
Storage Temporary storage Breif storage of info Permanent storage for
from 5 senses being used currently info not being used at
that moment
Capacity High 7 +/- 2 memories Unlimited
Duration Less than 1 second Less than 20 seconds Permanent as long as
for vision and a few LTP is present
seconds for hearing
Type Declarative Attention while in Repetition of info,
knowledge lecture practice
3. Long Term Potentiation
Encoding and reencoding of information
Facilitates learning
Temporal (repetition) and Spatial (connections between diff things)
Is a cyclical process → if you do not recall it, you will lose it (synapse loses
connection)
,4. Brain
Embryonic development (Neuronal development): Brain develops and grows
before birth
Neural plasticity: Brain is changed after birth (part of ED)
Use it or lose it
i. Activity-dependent (lots of activity → more connections etc)
5. Themes of Biology
Themes of Biology
Emergence Reductionism
Specific roles to General roles to
simple/specific
general roles
roles
Complexity increases Reduces complex
Properties change at each systems into simpler
level that was not in the components that are
previous level more easy to study
Whole is greater
than the part
6. Biological Organization (BECPOOTCOMA)
Biosphere All things below are included Example: Earth
Nonliving and living
Ecosystem All communities in a certain area Ex: Savannah
Living and nonliving
Community All diff populations included Ex: lions and zebras
Only living organisms
Population Group of the same organism Ex: a pride of lions
Organism One individual in a given population Ex: a single lion
, Organ/Organ Organs = makes up an organism (made out of tissues) Ex:
system Organ system = group of organs that work together for a Organ = heart
specific function Organ system = digestive
system
Tissue Made out of cells that work together for a function Ex: Muscle tissue
Cells Basic unit of life Ex: blood cell
Cells contain organelles
Organelles Made out of molecules Ex: Mitochondria
Located in cells - each has its own function
Molecules Made out of atoms Ex: H2O, O2, H2
In all matter
Atoms Smallest Unit of Chemical elements Ex: Hydrogen atom
Lecture 2: Scientific Process/Chemistry
1. Scientific Method
Observatio
Ask n
new (you want
Backgrou
questio to
ndlearn
ns Hypothe
more)
(research
Suc revi
2
)sis
cess (broad se
Predic
ful statemen
tions
Revi t (your
about
RE Evalu Incorrect
se Unsuccessful
observati
answeprediction
ate
PE predi ons)
AT r to
ction hypoth
AN
D esis)
VE
RIF
Y
2. Elements of Nucleus
Name Charge Location Role in Atom
Proton (+) Nucleus Identity + mass
Electrons (-) Orbiting nucleus Reactions
EXAM 1 ORGANIZERS
Lecture 1: Biology and Learning
1. Process of Learning
Encoding Encoding
Stimulus Sensory memory STM LTM
Reterival
Forgotten if not Forgotten if not
practiced practiced
2. Types of Memory
Sensory STM LTM
Storage Temporary storage Breif storage of info Permanent storage for
from 5 senses being used currently info not being used at
that moment
Capacity High 7 +/- 2 memories Unlimited
Duration Less than 1 second Less than 20 seconds Permanent as long as
for vision and a few LTP is present
seconds for hearing
Type Declarative Attention while in Repetition of info,
knowledge lecture practice
3. Long Term Potentiation
Encoding and reencoding of information
Facilitates learning
Temporal (repetition) and Spatial (connections between diff things)
Is a cyclical process → if you do not recall it, you will lose it (synapse loses
connection)
,4. Brain
Embryonic development (Neuronal development): Brain develops and grows
before birth
Neural plasticity: Brain is changed after birth (part of ED)
Use it or lose it
i. Activity-dependent (lots of activity → more connections etc)
5. Themes of Biology
Themes of Biology
Emergence Reductionism
Specific roles to General roles to
simple/specific
general roles
roles
Complexity increases Reduces complex
Properties change at each systems into simpler
level that was not in the components that are
previous level more easy to study
Whole is greater
than the part
6. Biological Organization (BECPOOTCOMA)
Biosphere All things below are included Example: Earth
Nonliving and living
Ecosystem All communities in a certain area Ex: Savannah
Living and nonliving
Community All diff populations included Ex: lions and zebras
Only living organisms
Population Group of the same organism Ex: a pride of lions
Organism One individual in a given population Ex: a single lion
, Organ/Organ Organs = makes up an organism (made out of tissues) Ex:
system Organ system = group of organs that work together for a Organ = heart
specific function Organ system = digestive
system
Tissue Made out of cells that work together for a function Ex: Muscle tissue
Cells Basic unit of life Ex: blood cell
Cells contain organelles
Organelles Made out of molecules Ex: Mitochondria
Located in cells - each has its own function
Molecules Made out of atoms Ex: H2O, O2, H2
In all matter
Atoms Smallest Unit of Chemical elements Ex: Hydrogen atom
Lecture 2: Scientific Process/Chemistry
1. Scientific Method
Observatio
Ask n
new (you want
Backgrou
questio to
ndlearn
ns Hypothe
more)
(research
Suc revi
2
)sis
cess (broad se
Predic
ful statemen
tions
Revi t (your
about
RE Evalu Incorrect
se Unsuccessful
observati
answeprediction
ate
PE predi ons)
AT r to
ction hypoth
AN
D esis)
VE
RIF
Y
2. Elements of Nucleus
Name Charge Location Role in Atom
Proton (+) Nucleus Identity + mass
Electrons (-) Orbiting nucleus Reactions
